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Clinical Chemistry > Module 3e: Automation > Flashcards

Module 3e: Automation Flashcards

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1
Q

The process whereby an analytical instrument, apparatus or system operates and performs many tests with only minimal involvement of an analyst or human intervention

A

Automation

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2
Q

Type of analysis in which many specimens are grouped in the same
analytical session.

A

Batch analysis

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3
Q

The transport of a quantity of analyte or reagent from one specimen reaction into and contaminating a subsequent one.

A

Carryovee

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4
Q

Type of analysis in which each specimen in a batch pass through the same continuous stream at the same rate and is subjected to the same analytical reactions.

A

Continuous flow analysis

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5
Q

Type of analysis in which the sample is aspirated into the sample probe and then is delivered, often with reagent, through the same orifice into a reaction cup or another container.

A

discrete analysis

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6
Q

Type of analysis in which each specimen is subjected to multiple analytical processes so that a set of test results is obtained on a single specimen

A

Multiple-channel analysis

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7
Q

Type of analysis in which all specimens are subjected to a series of analytical processes at the same time and in a parallel fashion.

A

Parallel analysis

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8
Q

The most common configuration of an automated analyzer, in which analyses are performed on a collection of specimens sequentially and each specimen is analyzed on a different selection of tests.

A

Random access analysis

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9
Q

Type of analysis in which each specimen in a batch enters the analytical process one after another, and each result or set of results emerges in the same order as the specimens are entered.

A

Sequential analysis

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10
Q

Type of analysis in which each specimen is subjected to a single process so that only results or a single analyte are produced

A

Single channel analysis

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11
Q

The number of specimens processed by an analyzer during a given period of time, rate of processes

A

throughput

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12
Q

Dedicated to a defined task and contains appropriate laboratory instrumentation to carry out that task.

A

workstation

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13
Q

Resolves the major consideration of uniformity in the performance of tests because each
sample follows the same reaction path.

A

Continuous flow

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14
Q

Advanatge of continuous flow approach

A

asssist laboratory that needs to run many samples requiring same procedure

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15
Q

disadvantages of continuous flow

A

waste of continuously flowing reagents

significant carry over problems

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16
Q

Utilizes the force generated by centrifugation to transfer and then contain liquids in separate cuvettes for measurement at the perimeter of a spinning rotor.

A

Centrifugal analysis

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17
Q

Major adavantage of Centrifugal analysis

A

batch analysis

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18
Q

most popular and versatile, and have almost completely replaced continuous-flow and centrifugal analyzer

A

Discrete analysis

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19
Q

Have the capability of running multiple tests one sample at a time or multiple samples one test at a time.

A

discrete analysis

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20
Q

Three basic approaches with instruments:

A

Continuous flow
Centrifugal analysis
Discrete analysis

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21
Q

The general steps employed in automated analyzers are collectively known as

A

unit operations

22
Q

The most sophisticated approach in sample identification that is commonly used today .

A

Bar code label

23
Q

Provide rapid specimen transportation and are reliable when installed as point-to-point services

A

Pneumatic Tube

24
Q

drawback of pneumatic tubes

A

misrouting of carriers

hemolysis due to acceleration

25
Q

[specimen delivery] Have a larger carrying capacity than pneumatic tube systems and are not associated with problems such as damage to specimens caused by acceleration and/or deceleration forces

A

electric track devices

26
Q

[specimen delivery] Easily adapted to carry specimen containers of various sizes and shapes and are reprogrammable with changes in laboratory geometry.

A

Mobile robots

27
Q

[specimen preparation] the serum or plasma sample is placed in a tube after separation from blood clot then directly used for analysis without further transfer to nalyzer cup

A

Primary tube sampling

28
Q

[Specimen preparation] Use whole blood for analysis to bypass the specimen preparation altogether

A

Abbott- Vision

29
Q

[specimen preparation] pre-analytic automation system that can identify and label specimens, centrifuge the specimens and prepare aliquots, and sort and deliver samples to the analyzer or to storage

A

Front-end automation

30
Q

[specimen measurement & internal delivery] Controls entry of the sampling probe to a minimal depth below the surface of the serum

A

parallel liquid level-sensing probe

31
Q

How continuous flow probes prevent carryover and maintains sample integrity

A
  1. probe aspirates air to produce bubble
  2. probe descends into wash solution
  3. wash solution is aspirated
32
Q

[Reagent systems and internal delivery] Used to deliver liquid reagents

A

positive displacement syringe devices

33
Q

[reagent system and internal delivery] Has three or more layers which include a spreading layer which accepts the sample, one or more central layer which can alter the sample by a series of chemical reactions, and an indicator layer where the analyte of interest may be quantified.

A

dry chemistry slide

34
Q

consists of mixing, separation, incubation, and reaction time

A

chemical reaction phase

35
Q

[Chemical reaction phase] Used by continuous flow analyzer in mixing

A

coiled tubing

36
Q

[Chemical reaction phase] Used by centrifugal analyzer in mixing

A

centrifugal force

37
Q

[Chemical reaction phase] Used by most wet chemistry analyzer in mixing

A

stirring paddles

38
Q

Causes major interference in many analyses.

A

proteins

39
Q

Used by continuous flow systems in separation

A

dialyzer

40
Q

Usually used im incubatiom

A

water bath/ heating bath

41
Q

Entails quantification of the formed products.

A

Measurement phase

42
Q

[measurement phase] automated chemistry analyzers use

A

Optical measurement devices

43
Q

[Signal processing and data handling] the analyte concentration is estimated using a

A

calibration curve

44
Q

[Signal processing and data handling] involves

A
  • Acquisition of response signal and signal averaging
  • Subtraction of black response
  • Correction of response for interferences
  • Linear regression for calibration curve and determining slope
  • computation of rate reactions
45
Q

[Sending of Results to LIS] Laboratory-wide (often times hospital-wide) computer software system that records, manages, and stores data for clinical laboratories

A

Laboratory Information System

46
Q

The combination of several instruments, consolidated instruments, work cells, integrated work cells, or integrated modular work cells coupled to a specimen management and transportation system, and control software component, to automate a large percentage of laboratory work

A

total laboratory automation

47
Q

TLA approach are considered=

A

“Black Box labs”

48
Q

Three components of a Black Box lab

A

Front end system
analytic box
Back end system

49
Q

It is responsible for the pre-analytic phase/ sample processing.

A

front end systems

50
Q

This is responsible for the chemical analyses/ analytic phase. It utilizes the basic principles of chemistry instrumentation

A

analytic box

51
Q

It is responsible for the post-analytic phase (data management)

A

back end system

Clinical Chemistry (14 decks)

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