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Clinical Chemistry > Module 2: Laboratory Safety > Flashcards

Module 2: Laboratory Safety Flashcards

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1
Q

Six major categories of hazards

A 
biological hazard
chemical hazard
electrical hazard
fire hazard
physical hazard
ergonomic hazard
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2
Q

Enacted by the US congress and became basis for many countries in to providing all employees including laboratory personnel a safe work environment

A

Occupational safety and Health Act

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3
Q

The governing body responsible for ensuring and monitoring the implementation of the
standards set by the OSH Act

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administrtion

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4
Q

Key elements for safe operation of a clinical laboratory

A
  1. formal safety program
  2. documented policies
  3. identification kf hazards
  4. recognition of relevant safety areas of concern
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5
Q

Key important safety items in the laboratory

A
  1. proper clothing
  2. gloves
  3. eye protection
  4. eye washer or face washer
  5. chemical fume hood
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6
Q

Hazards that include all pathogen or disease-causing microorganisms

A

Biological hazards

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7
Q

Principle of Universal Precaution

A

treat all blood and blood contaminated sample as potentially infectious, but not pther bodily fluids not visibly contaminated

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8
Q

Principle of Standard precaution

A

Minimum practice applied to all patient care regardless of status of the patient including, hand hydpgiene, PPPE, cough etiquette, sharps safety, sterile instruments etc

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9
Q

Six Part Chain of Infection Model

A 
Causative agent
Reservoir or source
Portal of exit 
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Person at risk
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10
Q

Three Part Chain of infection Model

A

Source
Transmisssion
Host

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11
Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

Biohazardous waste disposal

A

source

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12
Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

PPE

A

transmission

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13
Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

decontamination

A

source

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14
Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

aerosol prevention

A

transmission

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15
Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

specimen bagging

A

source

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16
Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

immunixation

A

host

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17
Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

sterile or disposable equipment

A

transmission

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18
Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

healthy lifesytle

A

host

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19
Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

pest control

A

transmission

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20
Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

exposure control plan

A

host

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21
Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed

post exposure prophylaxis:

A

host

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22
Q

Developed for employees who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals, informing them of health risks associated with those chemicals

A

Right to Know Law

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23
Q

This is the major source of safety information for employees who may use hazardous materials and should be readily accessible.

A

MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet

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23
Q

This is the major source of safety information for employees who may use hazardous materials and should be readily accessible.

A

MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet

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24
Q

What to do when:

Chemical contact with skin and eyes

A

flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes

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25
Q

Safety showers should be able to dispense:

A

30-50 gallons per minute at a pressure pf 20-50 psi

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26
Q

Acid and water mixture rule

A

add acid TO water

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27
Q

Fume hood face velocity

A

100-120 feet per minute

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28
Q

Store separately:

flammable liquids

A

flammable solid

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29
Q

Store separately:

organic acids

A

mineral acids

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30
Q

Store separately:

caustics

A

oxidizers

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31
Q

Store separately:

perchloric acid

A

water-reactive substances

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32
Q

Three thiingss stored separately from everything else

A
  1. Air reactive substancw
  2. heat reactive substance requiring refrigeration
  3. unstable substances
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33
Q

Three thiingss stored separately from everything else

A
  1. Air reactive substancw
  2. heat reactive substance requiring refrigeration
  3. unstable substances
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34
Q

Required by OSHA to be present at workplaces that handles hazardous chemicals

A

Chemical Hygiene Plan

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35
Q

A chemical hygieme plan contains the following information:

A
  1. standard operating procedures
  2. utilization of ppe
  3. engineering controls
  4. employee training requirements
  5. medical consultation guidelines
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35
Q

A chemical hygieme plan contains the following information:

A
  1. standard operating procedures
  2. utilization of ppe
  3. engineering controls
  4. employee training requirements
  5. medical consultation guidelines
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36
Q

Responsible for documenting and implementing the chemical hygiene plan

A

Chemical Hygiene Officer

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37
Q

Refers to susbtances injurious to the skin or eyes by direct contact or to the tissue of the respiratory and GIT if inhaled or ingested.

A

Corrosive

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38
Q

Cancer-causing chemicals

A

carcinogenic

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39
Q

Substances that can cause developmental malformations

A

teratogenic

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40
Q

Substances that, under certain conditions, can spontaneously explode or ignite

A

reactive

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40
Q

Substances that, under certain conditions, can spontaneously explode or ignite

A

reactive

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41
Q

Substances that, under certain conditions, can spontaneously explode or ignite

A

reactive

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42
Q

Substances that, under certain conditions, can spontaneously explode or ignite

A

reactive

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42
Q

Substances that, under certain conditions, can spontaneously explode or ignite

A

reactive

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43
Q

temperature at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with air.

A

flash point

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44
Q

Has a flash point below 37°C or 100F (ability to burn easily at normal working temperature)

A

Flammable

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45
Q

has a flash point at 37°C (100F) or above (ability to burn at temperatures that are usually above normal working temperature)

A

Combustible liquid

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46
Q

A chemical reaction that involves the rapid oxidation of a combustible material or fuel, with the subsequent liberation of heat and light.

A

Fire

47
Q

Components of the fire tetrahedron

A

a. Fuel
b. Heat or ignition source
c. Oxygen (air)
d. Uninhibited reaction

47
Q

Components of the fire tetrahedron

A

a. Fuel
b. Heat or ignition source
c. Oxygen (air)
d. Uninhibited reaction

48
Q

provides a quick visual representation of the health hazard, flammability, reactivity, and special hazards

A

NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) diamond or symbol

49
Q

Color found at the top of the NFPA diamond

A

red

50
Q

Red in NFPA symbolizes:

A

Flammability

51
Q

Color found at the right of the NFPA diamond

A

yellow

52
Q

Yellow in the NFPA diamond represents

A

reactivity or instability

53
Q

Color found at the bottom of the NFPA diamond

A

White

54
Q

White in the NFPA diamon represents

A

special hazards

55
Q

Color found at the left of the NFPA diamond

A

blue

56
Q

Blue in the NFPA diamond represents :

A

Health hazards

57
Q

0 BLUE

A

No health hazard

58
Q

1 BLUE

A

Cause significant irritatiom

59
Q

2 BLUE

A

cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury

60
Q

3 BLUE

A

can cause serious or permanent injury

61
Q

4 BLUE

A

Can be lethal

62
Q

0 RED

A

will not burn

63
Q

1 RED

A

> 200F

must be preheated before ignition can occur

64
Q

2 RED

A

> 100F

must be heated or high ambient temp to burn

65
Q

3 RED

A

<100F

can be ignited under almost all ambient temp

66
Q

4F

A

<73F

will vaporize and readily burn at normal temp

67
Q

1 YELLOW

A

Stable

68
Q

1 YELLOW

A

Normally stable except high temperature

69
Q

2 YELLOW

A

violent chemica. change at high temp or pressure

70
Q

3 YELLOW

A

May explode at high temp or shock

71
Q

4 YELLOW

A

May explode at normal temp or pressure

72
Q

ALK

A

alkaline

73
Q

ACID

A

Acidic

74
Q

COR

A

Corrosive

75
Q

OX

A

Oxidizing

76
Q

☢️

A

radioactive

77
Q

₩

A

reacts violently or explosively wiyh water

78
Q

₩OX

A

reacts violently with water and oxidizing

79
Q

Classification of Fire:

Ordinary combustibles: wood, paper, cloth, plastic

A

CLASS A

80
Q

Classification of Fire:

Flammable liquids/gases, gasoline, paint, petroleum

A

CLASS B

81
Q

Classification of Fire:

Energized electrical Equipment, motor, switches

A

CLASS C

82
Q

Classification of Fire:

Combustible/reactive metals: Mg, Na, K

A

CLASS D

83
Q

Classification of Fire:

Liquids used in food preparation such as grease, animal, & vegetable oil

A

CLASS K

84
Q

Fire Extinguisher Classes:

soda and acid or water to cool fire

A

CLASS A extinguisher

85
Q

Fire Extinguisher Classes:

foam, dry chemical, CO2

A

CLASS B extinguisher

86
Q

Fire Extinguisher Classes:

dry chemical, carbin dioxide, halon, non conducting agents to smother fire

A

CLASS C extinyuisher

87
Q

Fire Extinguisher Classes:

dry chemical reagent

A

CLASS ABC extinguishers

88
Q

Fire Extinguisher Classes:

potassium based alkaline liquid specificlly formulated to gpfight high temperature without splashing

A

CLASS K

89
Q

fire extinguisher for CLASS A fires

A

A, ABC

90
Q

fire extinguisher for CLASS B fires

A

B, C, ABC

91
Q

fire extinguisher for CLASS C fires

A

B, C, ABC,

BEST: Halon

92
Q

fire extinguisher for CLASS D fires

A

Metal X

93
Q

fire extinguisher for CLASS K fires

A

K

94
Q

What to do in case of fire?

A

R-escue
A-larm
C-ontain
E-xtinguish/ Exit

95
Q

How to properly use Fire extinguisher

A

P- ull the pin
A- aim nozzle at the BASE of the fire
S- squeeze the handle or trigger
S- sweep nozzle side to side

96
Q

examples of physical hazards

A

heavy electrical equipment
compressed gases
improperly placed machines

97
Q

Type, wavelength and protective measures for non ionizing radiation from Radiofrequency coil in ICP mass spectrometer

A

low frequency, 1 cm, engineered shielding and posted pacemaker warning

98
Q

Type, wavelength and protective measures for non ionizing radiation from Energy Beam microwave used in tissue staining

A

Microwaves, 0.3cm - 30 cm, engineered shielding

99
Q

Type, wavelength and protective measures for non ionizing radiation from heat lamp and lasers

A

infrared, 750 nm- 0.3 cm, containment and warning labels

100
Q

Type, wavelength and protective measures for non ionizing radiation from genneral illumination amd glare

A

visible spectrum: 400-750 nm, filters, diffusers, nonreflecrive surfaces

101
Q

Type, wavelength and protective measures for non ionizing radiation from germicidal lamps in biological safety cabintes

A

UV, 4-400 nm, eye and skin protection, warning labels

102
Q

Color-coded garbages:

generl wastes, dry, non infectious

A

BLACK

103
Q

Color-coded garbages:

wet, non infectious waste

A

GREEN

104
Q

Color-coded garbages:

Wet imfeectious wastes

A

YELLOW

105
Q

Color-coded garbages:

sharps

A

RED (puncture proof containers)

106
Q

Color-coded garbages:

radioactive wastes

A

ORANGE

107
Q

Color-coded garbages:

chemical wastes

A

YELLOW WITH BLACK BAND

108
Q

Decontamination solution:

A

5% lysol
10% sodium hypochlorite
15 MINUTES

109
Q

disinfection that should be performed daily

A

sink disinfection with 1:5 or 1:10 sodium hypochlorite

110
Q

effectivity of sodium hypochlorite stored in plastic bottles

A

one month if protected from light

111
Q

proper donning of PPE

A
  1. Gown
  2. Mask
  3. Goggles
  4. Gloves
112
Q

proper doffing of PPE

A
  1. gloves
  2. gown
  3. goggles
  4. mask
113
Q

BLOOD SPILL procedures

A
  1. protect immediate area
  2. wear PPE
  3. use mechanical device for sharps
  4. paper towel, gauze pad, tissue to absorb the spill
  5. 10% bleach fro 20 minutes
  6. dispose in biohazard container
  7. dispose gloves
114
Q

Necessary for medical workers including medical technologists who often extract blood from patients.

A

Hepa B vaccines

115
Q

A requirement for the employer to maintain confidential medical records on each employee with occupational exposure

A

medical records

116
Q

Medical Records must include

A

Employee name
Social Security number
HBV vaccination statua

117
Q

A requirement for the employer to keep a log of injuries from contaminated sharps.

A

Sharps injury log

118
Q

sharps injury log must contain

A

Employee name
date, where, and how incident occured
type and brand of device involved

119
Q

single most effective way of controlling the spread of infectious diseases

A

proper handwashing

Clinical Chemistry (14 decks)

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