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Biology A - Level > Module 3.1 Biological molecules > Flashcards

Module 3.1 Biological molecules Flashcards

1
Q

What are all living things primarily made up of

A

Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Sulfur
Phosphorus

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2
Q

Covalent bonding

A

sharing of electrons

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3
Q

How many bonds can carbon form

A

4

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4
Q

How many bonds can nitrogen form

A

3

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5
Q

How many bonds can oxygen form

A

2

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6
Q

How many bonds can hydrogen form

A

1

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7
Q

Why is life on earth referred as “carbon-based”

A

Carbon is the backbone of most biological molecules

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8
Q

What is a positive ion

A

cation

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9
Q

What is a negative ion

A

anion

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10
Q

Define electrolytes

A

Ions in solution

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11
Q

What is the role of calcium (Ca2+) ions

A
  • nerve impulse transmission
  • muscle contraction
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12
Q

What is the role of sodium (Na+) ions

A
  • nerve impulse transmission
  • kidney function
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13
Q

What is the role of potassium (K+) ions

A
  • nerve impulse transmission
  • stomatal opening
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14
Q

What is the role hydrogen (H+) ions

A
  • catalysis of reactions
  • pH determination
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15
Q

What is the role of ammonium ions (NH4+) ions

A

production of nitrate ions by bacteria

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16
Q

What is the role of nitrate (NO3-) ions

A

nitrogen supply to plants for amino acid and protein formation

17
Q

What is the role of hydrogen carbonate (HCO3-) ions

A

maintenance of blood pH

18
Q

What is the role of chloride (Cl-) ions

A

balance positive charge of sodium and potassium ions in cells

19
Q

What is the role of phosphate ions (PO4 ^3-) ions

A
  • cell membrane formation
  • nucleic acid and ATP formation
  • bone formation
20
Q

What is the role of hydroxide ions

A
  • catalysis of reactions
    -pH determination
21
Q

What elements do carbohydrates consist of

A

C,H,O

22
Q

What elements do lipids consist of

A

C,H,O

23
Q

What elements do proteins consist of

A

C,H,O,N,S

24
Q

What elements do nucleic acids consist of

A

C,H,O,N,P

25
Q

What is the general formula of carbohydrates

A

Cx(H2O)x

26
Q

Define polymer

A

Long chain molecules made about of monomers in a repeating pattern

27
Q

What is the monomer of carbohydrates

A

saccharides/sugars

28
Q

What is the monomer of proteins

A

amino acids

Biology A - Level (5 decks)

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