Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Funds II Theory > Module 3: Urinary and Bowel Elimination > Flashcards

Module 3: Urinary and Bowel Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

Hypermotility

A

Adult with greater than 3 stools/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hypomotility

A

Adult with less than 1 stool/week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Abnormally distended rectal veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Paralytic Ileus

A

Paralysis of intestinal peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

White or clay-colored stool

A

Absence of bile or the use of antacids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Light brown stool

A

Diet high in milk products (light color is from the Ca)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pale, fatty stool

A

Malabsorption of fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Black, tarry stool

A

Use of iron meds, upper GI bleeds, lg quantities of red meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Red stool

A

Bleeding in lower intestinal tract or hemorrhoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Narrow, pencil shaped stool

A

Intestinal constriction (inflammation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Small, marble-shaped stool

A

Constipation/ slow peristalsis/ dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hard stool

A

Dehydration/ slow peristalsis/ constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Liquid stool

A

Diarrhea/ rapid peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Strong, foul odor

A

Blood, infection (C. Diff)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Small amounts of watery, “oozy” stool

A

Can see it in bowel obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Increased bowel sounds (hyperactive)

A

Diarrhea / rapid peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Decreased bowel sounds (hypoactive)

A

Constipation / slowed peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Absent bowel sounds

A

only be conclusively documented if each quadrant has been listened to for 5 minutes EACH and occur during obstructions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Discuss patient teaching and how to promote normal bowel functioning

A

Avoid stimulant laxatives (cause painful peristalsis/diarrhea which could lead to dehydration/electrolyte imbalance)

Adequate fiber intake (increases wt and size of stool and softens it)

AT LEAST 6-8 glasses of water per day

Maintain regular eating schedule

Avoid “holding in” BM (causes more water to be absorbed in colon)

Be active/exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Slowed Peristalsis Cause

A

Some foods: cheese, milk, etc
Narcotic pain meds
Antacids
Iron supplements (can also turn stool black/dark brown)
Stress
Immobility
Nerve damage (from things like abdominal surgery/spinal cord injury)
Food allergies
Dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Rapid Peristalsis Causes

A

Antibiotics
Laxatives
Magnesium
Vitamin C
Stress
Food allergies/lactose intolerance
Infections
Bowel diseases: IBS, Celiac disease, crohn’s disease/ulcerative colitis
Caffeine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stool Softener

A

Helps liquid mix into stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Osmotic Laxative

A

Draws water into bowel from surrounding tissue to provide a soft stool mass and improved propulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Stimulant Laxative

A

Causes peristalsis (can be painful and cause diarrhea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Causes of Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis
CONSTIPATION (low fiber diet, dehydration), high fat/residue diet, age, genetics, obesity
26
Diverticulosis
Walls of intestines weaken and pouches form (additional diverticula)
27
Diverticulitis
Inflammation/infection of the diverticulum
28
Assessment Findings of Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis
Pain Fever Nausea Vomiting Chills Cramping Constipation Abdominal tenderness Distension Change in bowel habits Indigestion
29
Possible Complications for Diverticulitis
Risk of infection (peritonitis) -> sepsis
30
Avoid what for Diverticulitis
kernels and seeds / high residue diet Stimulant laxatives
31
Polyps
Mass or finger like projections on the inner lining of the colon
32
Ileostomy
In ileum of small intestine, avoids all of the colon Increased caloric diet, supplements (risk of malnutrition) Watery stool
33
Ascending Colostomy
Pudding thick stool
34
Transverse Colostomy
Less watery/ semi-formed stool
35
Sigmoid Colostomy
Formed stool
36
Discuss the assessment of stomas
Expected to be beefy red and moist Assess peri area for breakdown
37
Autonomic bladder
Bladder no longer controlled by the brain because of injury or disease; void by reflex only
38
Continent
Having self-control over urination
39
Enuresis
Involuntary urination
40
Functional incontinence
State in which a person experiences an involuntary, unpredictable passage of urine
41
Incontinent
Experiencing involuntary or uncontrolled loss of urine or feces
42
Micturition
Process of emptying the bladder; urination; voiding
43
Nephrotoxic
Capable of causing kidney damage (e.g. meds)
44
Nocturia 
Excessive urination during the night
45
Overflow incontinence
Involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistention and overflow of the bladder
46
Reflex incontinence
Emptying of the bladder without the sensation of the need to void
47
Specific gravity
a laboratory test that shows the concentration of all chemical particles in the urine
48
Stress incontinence
State in which the person experiences a loss of urine of less than 50 mL that occurs with increased abdominal pressure
49
Total incontinence
Continuous and unpredictable loss of urine, resulting from surgery, trauma, or physical malformation
50
Transient incontinence
Occurrence that appears suddenly and lasts for 6 months or less and usually is caused by treatable factors, such as confusion secondary to acute illness, infection, and as a result of medical treatment, such as the use of diuretics or IV fluid administration
51
Urge incontinence
State in which a person experiences involuntary passage of urine that occurs soon after a strong sense of urgency to void
52
Urinary retention
Inability to void although urine is produced by the kidneys and enters the bladder; excessive storage of urine in the bladder
53
Kidney Function
Regulate blood volume, BP, electrolyte levels, and acid-base balance Produces the hormone erythropoietin (stimulates RBC production) Secretes renin (which promotes the production of angiotensin, causing systemic vasoconstriction) Activates vitamin D (necessary for body to absorb calcium)
54
Glomerulus Function
Where wastes, toxins, excess ions, and water are filtered out from blood
55
Increased Urinary Output Causes
Diabetes, UTIs (sometimes), diuretics, increased intake
56
Decreased Urinary Output Causes
Dehydration, high fever, antihistamines and drugs with anticholinergic effects, some antidepressants
57
Be able to identify normal urine output (hourly and daily amounts)
At least 30 mL/hour or 720 mL/24 hours 50-60 mL is ideal
58
GFR: what it measures, normal range, what increases it, what decreases it
Amount of blood being filtered by kidneys per minute >90 mL/min Increase: increased blood volume and increased blood pressure Decrease: dehydration, decreased CO, kidney failure
59
BUN: what it measures, normal range, what increases it, what decreases it
A waste product that is produced when proteins are broken down by the liver for metabolism 7-24 mg/dL Increase: kidney failure, dehydration Decrease: diet low in protein, malnutrition, severe liver damage overhydration
60
Creatinine: what it measures, normal range, what increases it, what decreases it
Waste product made of creatine (supplies energy to muscles); produced by normal wear and tear on muscles 0.5-1.5 mg/dL Increase: kidney failure, kidney infection Decrease: muscle loss, severe liver disease, low protein diet
61
Cystitis
bladder infection
62
Pyelonephritis
UTI, kidney infection
63
Urinalysis
Test that looks at a small sample of urine; checks appearance, concentration, and contents
64
C&S
Test that identifies what is causing the UTI and identifies what antibiotic will most likely kill that microbe
65
Renal Failure Assessment Findings
Edema (anasarca), dry/itchy skin (bc of toxin buildup), pallor (low Hgb), JVD, muscle cramps (high K), dehydration, fatigue, NVD, oliguria/anuria, SOB (bc of metabolic acidosis) (Kussmaul Breathing)
66
Renal Failure Interventions
Daily weights, fluid restriction, low Na/K/protein/phosphorus diet, control BP and glucose, symptom management
67
UTIs Assessment Findings
Dysuria, urinary frequency and urgency, cloudy urine with foul odor
68
UTIs Interventions
Increase fluid intake, antibiotics, pain management, heating pad
69
Renal/bladder calculi Assessment Findings
Pain, hematuria, fever and chills, vomiting, frequent urination, sweating, cloudy/foul smelling urine
70
Renal/bladder calculi Interventions
Pain management, increase fluid intake, ambulation, monitor I&O (look for stones)
71
Discuss nursing interventions to promote normal/healthy urination
Adequate fluid intake, ambulation
72
Discuss ways to prevent UTI
Urinate after sex, stay well hydrated, take showers instead of baths, wipe front to back
73
Clean Catch
Collected during midstream (sterile specimen)
74
Sterile Specimen
May be obtained by catheterizing the pt’s bladder or taking specimen from indwelling catheter
75
24 hr Collection
All urine is collected for 24 hours
76
Indwelling Catheter
Catheter that remains in place for continuous urine drainage (Foley)
77
Straight Catheter
Intermittent urethral catheter; drain bladder for shorter periods of time
78
CBIs
A procedure that flushes the bladder with sterile liquid; removes urine, blood, etc from the body; may be done to prevent or remove clots after surgery on urinary system or prostate resection (TURP – transurethral resection of the prostate)

Funds II Theory (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions