Module 3 Types of mutations based on Phenotypic Effects Flashcards

1
Q

give rise to altered forms. Also called visible
mutations (affect morphological traits)

A

Morphological mutations

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2
Q

result in nonviable organisms.

A

lethal mutations

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3
Q

gives a mutant phenotype under restrictive
conditions (environmental) and causes a wild-type phenotype under
permissive conditions.

A

Conditional mutation

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4
Q

ffect the function of proteins that can affect
the well-being and survival of the affected individual; result in the
inability to carry out a specific biochemical pathway

A

Biochemical mutations

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5
Q

can occur either in a protein-coding region or in any part of the genome, and whose effect on the genetic fitness of theorganism is negligible

A

Neutral mutations

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6
Q

mutations that affect the behavioral patterns of an organism

A

Behavioural mutations

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7
Q

reduces or eliminates the function of the gene product. Any type of mutation, from a point mutation to deletion of the entire gene, may lead to a loss of function. Mostly recessive, however a dominant effect of a loss-of-function mutation can occur during a situation known as haploinsufficiency.

A

Loss-of-function (null) mutations (LOF):

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8
Q

results in a gene product with enhanced or new functions. This may be due to a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein that confers a new activity, or it may result from a mutation in a regulatory region of the gene, leading to expression of the gene at higher levels, or the synthesis of the gene product at abnormal times, or places

A

Gain-of-function mutation (GOF)

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9
Q

those that affect the regulation of gene
expression by disrupting normal regulatory processes and inappropriately activating or inactivating expression of a gene; may also occur in regions such as splice junctions, promoters, or other regulatory regions of a gene that affect many aspects of gene regulation including transcription initiation, mRNA splicing, and mRNA stability.

A

Regulatory mutations

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10
Q

DNA sequences that appear to be highly susceptible to mutation

A

mutation hot spots:

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