Module 3 Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Question 1

technology that involves manipulating the DNA of one organism in order to insert the DNA of another organism, called
exogenous DNA

Answer 1

Genetic Engineering:

Question 2

• the use of living cells to make products such as pharmaceuticals,
  food and beverages
• the use of organisms such as bacteria to protect the environment
• the use of DNA science for the production of materials for
  diagnostics and research

Answer 2

Biotechnology

Question 3

the manipulation and combination of DNA
from 2 sources

Examples:
* Bacterial DNA + human gene for insulin
* Plant DNA + bacterial DNA (Agrobacterium tumefaciens)
* Mouse DNA + human DNA = transgenic

Answer 3

Recombinant DNA (rDNA):

Question 4

Insert a foreign gene into a host

GOAL: to produce many copies (clones) of a particular gene

Answer 4

Recombination

Question 5

DNA-cutting enzymes found in bacteria
(and harvested from them for use).
Because they cut within the molecule, they are often called restriction endonucleases.

Answer 5

RESTRICTION ENZYME:

Question 6

a DNA molecule used as a vehicle to artificially carry foreign genetic material into another cell, where it can be replicated and/or expressed. A ____ containing foreign DNA is termed recombinant DNA.

• Plasmids
• Viruses
• Particles (DNA coated bullets)
• Exogenous DNA

Answer 6

vector

Question 7

an infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule
in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and
is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host

Answer 7

virus

Question 8

can be done to correct the specific erroneous gene

Answer 8

Gene Therapy

Question 9

a gene or genetic material that has been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques from one organism to another. The introduction of a transgene has the potential to change the phenotype of an organism.

Answer 9

Transgene