Module 3 Study Guide Flashcards
Indentured Servant
Servants that signed a contract to work for 4-7 years, in exchange for passage to North America
Puritans
Wanted to break away from the Angelican Church
When did the Great Migration occur?
Between 1629 and 1640
Great Migration
1000s of people left England
What religious group was known as the “Society of Friends”
Quakers
What did the Quakers support?
Nonviolence, religious tolerance
What was the largest group in New Jersey?
Quakers
When was the English Bill of Rights signed?
1689
What was the result of documents such as the English Bill of Rights and the Magna Carta?
The British Monarchs had their power limited
When did the Great Awakening take place?
1730s and 1740s
When did the Enlightenment period take place?
Late 1600s and the 1700s
What did the Enlightenment promote?
Logic and Reason
Who came up with the Albany Plan of Union?
Benjamin Franklin
From where were many of the ideas for the Albany Plan of Union taken?
The Iroquois League
Salutory Neglect by the British occurred until when?
French and Indian War, 1763
What were the three sections of the English colonies?
- Chesapeake/Southern Colonies
- Middle Colonies
- New England Colonies
What did the economy of the Southern Colonies depend on?
Agriculture
What did the economy of the Middle Colonies depend on?
Craftsmanship and Banking
What did the economy of the New England colonies depend on?
Fishing, shipbuilding, lumber, trading
Describe the Society of the Southern Colonies
- Forced-labor society
- Large social gaps between rich and poor
Describe the Society of the Middle Colonies
- Lots of Quakers
- Diverse Population
What are the two names given to Philadelphia?
Failed “Holy Experiment” and City of Brotherly Love
Describe the Society of the New England Colonies
- Very religious - Pilgrims and Puritans
- Superstitious - Salem Witch Trials
- Mandatory schooling
- Lots of families
When did Sir Walter Raleigh found the colony on Roanoke?
1585
When did John White adventure to the Carolinas?
1587
When the colony on Roanoke was returned to, what had happened?
It had vanished
Who was the first person of English descendance to be born in the colonies?
Virginia Dare
What joint stock company founded the colony of Jamestown?
The Virginia Company
The Virginia Company founded what colony?
Jamestown
When was the House of Burgesses founded?
1619
What British citizen improved relationships with Natives and improved life in North Carolina?
John Smith
Who improved the economy of the colonies by bringing tobacco, which was traded for economic profit?
John Ralph
When was the Petition of Rights signed?
1628
When was the English Bill of Rights signed?
1689
What king signed the English Bill of Rights into effect?
King William III
What document, also signed in the 1600’s, came before the English Bill of Rights, and granted limited freedoms to English Citizens?
The Petition of Rights
What document stated that only the English Parliament, and not the King, could tax English citizens?
The Petition of Rights
What topics were included in the English Bill of Rights?
- Citizens had the right to bear arms
- Citizens had the right to trial by jury
What court case exemplified the right to freedom of the press?
The Zenger Trial
What group signed the Mayflower Compact?
The Pilgrims
When did the Pilgrims make their voyage across the Atlantic?
September - November 1620
Where did the Pilgrims land when they arrived in the New World?
Plymouth, Massachusetts
What type of government was the Mayflower Compact an example of?
Self-government
What religious group settled in Pennsylvania?
The Quakers
Why was the Mayflower Compact necessary?
Some of the voyagers on the ship spoke of breaking off from the others when they arrived
Who founded the colony of Pennsylvania?
William Penn
Who led the Puritans to religious freedom?
John Winthrop
Where did John Winthrop settle?
Massachusetts
Where did (most) witch trials in the 1600’s take place?
Salem, Massachusetts
When did the Salem witch trials take place?
1692
What colony did Anne Hutchinson found?
Rhode Island
Why was Anne Hutchinson exiled?
She proposed religious ideas that church leaders found alarming
When did Bacon’s Rebellion take place?
1670’s
Who was the leader of Bacon’s Rebellion?
Nathaniel Bacon
Where did Bacon’s Rebellion take place?
Virginia
What government was overthrown during Bacon’s Rebellion?
The House of Burgesses
During Bacon’s Rebellion, what Governor conflicted with citizens over their violent actions against the Native Americans?
Governor Berkeley
What were slave codes?
Laws to control slaves
Who does most information about slave living conditions come from?
Olaudah Equiano
What is mercantilism?
The process by which wealth is controlled by controlling trade
In the system of mercantilism, how does an entity make more money?
Higher exports, lower imports
Before the French and Indian War, what did the British NOT do for the English Colonies?
- Enforce Laws
- Run Government
When did the Great Awakening take place?
1730’s - 1740’s
In the 1600’s, what discoveries allowed for the beginning of the Enlightenment period?
Discovery of Natural Laws
What was the Great Awakening centered around?
Religion
Who was the French and Indian War fought between?
French and Native Americans vs. English
English Colonists proposed to develop what union, to fight in the French and Indian war?
The Albany Union
Were colonists and the British Government in favor of the Albany Plan of Union?
NO
When was the Treaty of Paris signed?
1763
In 1763 (Treaty of Paris,) what land did the British gain from the Spanish?
Florida
In 1763 (Treaty of Paris,) what land did the British gain from the French?
All French land east of the Mississippi
Who founded Georgia?
James Oglethorpe
When was Georgia founded, and what were the two purposes of its founding?
1732
1. Refuge for debtors
2. Buffer between English and Spanish
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Natives Americans captured British forts, after English settlers went too far west into their territory
What was the Proclamation of 1763?
The king declared that settlers could not settle past the Appalachian Mountains
What three actions taken by John Smith improved life in the Jamestown?
- Building a fort
- Rewarding hard work with more food and better housing
- Forming a strong relationship with the Native Americans
What two events led to a conflict between Jamestown settlers and the Natives?
- Native Americans attacked Jamestown after the arrival of 400 new settlers.
- Colonists killed Powhatan leader
When did Jamestown settlers start a war with natives after killing one of their leaders?
1622
When/Why was the Virginia Company charter cancelled?
1624, Because it failed to protect colonists from attacks by Native Americans
What happened to Virginia after the Virginia Company charter was cancelled?
Virginia became a Royal Colony
Who requested the Charter to found Maryland, and when did they do so?
George Calvert, 1620’s
Who, in 1632, was finally issued the Charter that his father had wanted, to start Maryland?
Cecilius Calvert
What was the first colony to promote religious tolerance?
Maryland
What group found religious tolerance in Maryland?
English Catholics
What act was passed by Lord Baltimore as a way to lessen tensions between Catholics and Protestants in Maryland?
The Toleration Act of 1649
What did the Toleration Act of 1649 do?
- Make it illegal to limit the religious rights of Christians
- Show that the government wanted to offer citizens some religious freedom
Why did the plan of James Oglethorpe fail?
People were not interested in moving to Georgia to start new lives
When was Georgia made into a British Colony?
1752
What was the purpose of slave codes?
To control slaves and prevent them from revolting
Why were the Pilgrims exiled from Britain?
They were Protestants who wished to be free of the Church of England
Before setting sail for the America’s, where had the Pilgrims attempted to live?
The Netherlands
Why were the Pilgrims unwilling to remain in the Netherlands?
They feared that future generations would forget the traditions of their ancestors
The joint-stock company formed between the Pilgrims and a collection of merchants was given a charter by the English government to settle where?
Virginia
When was the Mayflower Compact signed?
November 21, 1620
What was the significance of the Mayflower Compact?
It was one of the first attempts of self-government in the English colonies
Describe the relationship between the Pilgrims and the Native Americans
Positive, Native Americans taught colonists how to improve farming
Who are the three main Native Americans associated with the Pilgrims?
- Samoset - Introduced the Natives to Pilgrims
- Tisquantum (Squanto) - Taught Pilgrims how to fertilize soil with fish remains
- Chief Massasoit - Wampanoag chief, attended the “First Thanksgiving”
When did the “First Thanksgiving” take place?
In the fall of 1621
Who could vote in Puritan communities?
Male church members
What conflict emerged between New England colonists and the natives?
- Wampanoag tribe believed no one could own land
- Colonists believed that they owned any land they found
- Colonists believed that the natives should have to leave any land claimed by colonists
What types of craftsmen helped the economy of the Middle Colonies to succeed?
- Blacksmiths
- Carpenters
Why were children in Massachusetts taught to read?
So they could read the Bible and other church materials
How did William Penn limit his own power?
By establishing an elected assembly
What was the original government of Pennsylvania?
A representative democracy
What were “staple crops?”
Crops that were always needed
Examples: Wheat, barley, and oats
How were the colonial governments organized?
British Monarch –> Charter –> Governor –> Advisory counsel
How did the Navigation Acts support the system of mercantilism?
- By giving Britain greater control of the economy
- The colonies could only trade with Britain
- There was a tax added to the trade of all goods
What fort was built by George Washington?
Fort Necessity
What was the purpose of Fort Necessity?
Help the British in a standoff against the French, in the Ohio River Valley
What became of Fort Necessity?
- It failed
- Most of the British soldiers died
- George Washington surrendered to the French
What was another name for King Philip?
Metacomet
What man, chosen by the king, was in charge in Royal colonies?
The Royal Governor
What group of people were in charge of proprietary colonies?
Proprietors
When did the French and Indian War begin?
1754
Who was the Wampanoag tribe leader that fought in the French and Indian War, because settlers were taking the land of his people?
Metacom, also known as King Philip
