Module 2 Study Guide Flashcards
What present-day countries make up Scandinavia?
Denmark, Norway, Sweden
What technology allowed the Vikings to travel the North Atlantic seas better?
The longship
Four reasons exploration became necessary for European trade
- Merchants needed gold and silver
- Craftsmen needed raw materials
- People wanted products only found in Asia
- Tradesmen needed safe route to Asia
Three reasons that Europeans began to explore the world
- Trade with Asia
- Expand religion
- Learn more about Asian culture
What agreement was made between Columbus and Queen Isabella of Spain?
- The king & queen would sponsor his voyage
- Spain would get all discovered objects of value
- Any found land would be claimed in the name of Spain
Where was Columbus from, and for who did he work?
Italy, Spain
What year did Columbus sail?
1492
Where did Columbus think he was when he landed in the Bahamas?
Asia
Significance of Magellan’s voyage
First people to circumnavigate the world
Who is credited for being the first man to circle the world, although he died before completing the voyage, and where did he die?
Magellan, Killed by Natives in the Philippines
What allowed Cortes to conquer the Aztecs?
- Better weapons
- Capturing the Aztec leader
What killed the majority of Native Americans?
European diseases
What were the three types of settlements the Spanish established in New Spain?
- Pueblos
- Missions
- Presidios
What road was known as the “Royal Road?”
El Camino Real
What was the purpose of the El Camino Real?
To connect Spanish settlements
What was Bartolome de Las Casas’ view on Native American treatment?
They should be treated with love, kindness, and gentleness
Who started the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
What invention allowed ideas to quickly spread throughout Europe?
The printing press
What was the intended purpose of the Spanish Armada?
- Invade England
- Overthrow Queen Elizabeth
Why did the Spanish Armada lose to England?
The English had faster ships
Why did the Spanish economy experience a decline?
Inflation from imported gold
What event marked the tipping point, where Spain began to lose power overseas?
The loss of the Spanish Armada
Name three explorers who searched for the Northwest Passage
John Cabot, Giovanni de Verrazano, Jacques Carter, and Henry Hudson
What was the overall result of the search for the Northwest Passage?
Increased European interest in North America
What country joined the exploration of North America because of the search for the Northwest Passage?
The Netherlands
Three results of Columbus’ voyages
- Increased political tensions in Europe
- Increase in exploration
- Search for Northwest passage & trade routes to Asia
Astrolabe
Device used for navigation that tracked the movement of the stars
Caravel
Ship that used triangular sail (didn’t require for wind to be blowing in a certain direction)
Line of Demarcation
Line dividing exploration, Spain could explore to the west, Portugal could explore to the east
Who made the Line of Demarcation, and where were they from?
Pope Alexander VI, Spain
Treaty of Tordesillas
Moved the line 800 miles west to avoid war
After the Treaty of Tordesillas, where was Spain allowed to conquer?
North and South America, other than Brazil
After the Treaty of Tordesillas, where was Portugal allowed to conquer?
All unclaimed land other than North and South America, and Brazil
Circumnavigate
Go all the way around the world
Conquistador
Spanish explorers who led military groups in the America’s
Plantation
Large farms that grew only one type of crop
Protestant Reformation
Protest that the Roman Catholic Church abused power
Protestants
Reformers who protested practices of the Roman Catholic Church
Northwest Passage
Passageway that would allow ships to travel above North America, from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean
Charter
Document giving permission to start a colony
Vasco da Gama
Portugal
Born 1460
Discovered way to reach Asia by traveling around Africa
Henry the Navigator
Portugal
1419
Build first school of navigation in Sagres, Portugal
Ponce de Leon
Spain
Discovered Florida, searched for gold, Native Americans in Cuba told him about the “Fountain of Youth”
Pizarro
Born in 1479
Spain
Conquered Inca, destroyed Incan capitol
Hernan Cortes
Born in 1485
Spain
Conquered the Aztecs
Henry Hudson
Born in 1500’s
England
Wanted to find Northwest Passage. discovered many waterways instead
What waterways were discovered by Henry Hudson?
- Hudson River
- Hudson Bay
- Hudson Straight
John Cabot
Born in 1450
Italy
Found the Northwest passage
Jacques Cartier
1491
France
Established French presence in North America
Portugal, Spain, England, France, The Netherlands: What was the relationship between each and the Native Americans?
Portugal: Bad, began African slave trade
Spain: Bad, conquered Inca/Aztecs
England: Mixed, Learned from natives, fought with natives
France: Good, allied with natives, traded with natives
The Netherlands: Bad, fought with natives
Primary Sources
Immediate, first-hand accounts. Diaries, original research, photographs
Secondary Sources
One step removed from primary sources. Biographies, analysis/interpretation of data, documentaries
Columbian Exchange
Trade of goods between North America and Europe
Middle Passage
Slave trade between Africa and the Americas
What are the three G’s, which were reasons for exploration?
- God
- Gold
- Glory
