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History > Module 2 Study Guide > Flashcards

Module 2 Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

What present-day countries make up Scandinavia?

A

Denmark, Norway, Sweden

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2
Q

What technology allowed the Vikings to travel the North Atlantic seas better?

A

The longship

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3
Q

Four reasons exploration became necessary for European trade

A
  1. Merchants needed gold and silver
  2. Craftsmen needed raw materials
  3. People wanted products only found in Asia
  4. Tradesmen needed safe route to Asia
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4
Q

Three reasons that Europeans began to explore the world

A
  1. Trade with Asia
  2. Expand religion
  3. Learn more about Asian culture
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5
Q

What agreement was made between Columbus and Queen Isabella of Spain?

A
  1. The king & queen would sponsor his voyage
  2. Spain would get all discovered objects of value
  3. Any found land would be claimed in the name of Spain
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6
Q

Where was Columbus from, and for who did he work?

A

Italy, Spain

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7
Q

What year did Columbus sail?

A

1492

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8
Q

Where did Columbus think he was when he landed in the Bahamas?

A

Asia

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9
Q

Significance of Magellan’s voyage

A

First people to circumnavigate the world

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10
Q

Who is credited for being the first man to circle the world, although he died before completing the voyage, and where did he die?

A

Magellan, Killed by Natives in the Philippines

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11
Q

What allowed Cortes to conquer the Aztecs?

A
  1. Better weapons
  2. Capturing the Aztec leader
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12
Q

What killed the majority of Native Americans?

A

European diseases

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13
Q

What were the three types of settlements the Spanish established in New Spain?

A
  1. Pueblos
  2. Missions
  3. Presidios
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14
Q

What road was known as the “Royal Road?”

A

El Camino Real

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15
Q

What was the purpose of the El Camino Real?

A

To connect Spanish settlements

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16
Q

What was Bartolome de Las Casas’ view on Native American treatment?

A

They should be treated with love, kindness, and gentleness

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17
Q

Who started the Protestant Reformation?

A

Martin Luther

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18
Q

What invention allowed ideas to quickly spread throughout Europe?

A

The printing press

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19
Q

What was the intended purpose of the Spanish Armada?

A
  1. Invade England
  2. Overthrow Queen Elizabeth
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20
Q

Why did the Spanish Armada lose to England?

A

The English had faster ships

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21
Q

Why did the Spanish economy experience a decline?

A

Inflation from imported gold

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22
Q

What event marked the tipping point, where Spain began to lose power overseas?

A

The loss of the Spanish Armada

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23
Q

Name three explorers who searched for the Northwest Passage

A

John Cabot, Giovanni de Verrazano, Jacques Carter, and Henry Hudson

24
Q

What was the overall result of the search for the Northwest Passage?

A

Increased European interest in North America

25
Q

What country joined the exploration of North America because of the search for the Northwest Passage?

A

The Netherlands

26
Q

Three results of Columbus’ voyages

A
  1. Increased political tensions in Europe
  2. Increase in exploration
  3. Search for Northwest passage & trade routes to Asia
27
Q

Astrolabe

A

Device used for navigation that tracked the movement of the stars

28
Q

Caravel

A

Ship that used triangular sail (didn’t require for wind to be blowing in a certain direction)

29
Q

Line of Demarcation

A

Line dividing exploration, Spain could explore to the west, Portugal could explore to the east

30
Q

Who made the Line of Demarcation, and where were they from?

A

Pope Alexander VI, Spain

31
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

Moved the line 800 miles west to avoid war

32
Q

After the Treaty of Tordesillas, where was Spain allowed to conquer?

A

North and South America, other than Brazil

33
Q

After the Treaty of Tordesillas, where was Portugal allowed to conquer?

A

All unclaimed land other than North and South America, and Brazil

34
Q

Circumnavigate

A

Go all the way around the world

35
Q

Conquistador

A

Spanish explorers who led military groups in the America’s

36
Q

Plantation

A

Large farms that grew only one type of crop

37
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

Protest that the Roman Catholic Church abused power

38
Q

Protestants

A

Reformers who protested practices of the Roman Catholic Church

39
Q

Northwest Passage

A

Passageway that would allow ships to travel above North America, from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean

40
Q

Charter

A

Document giving permission to start a colony

41
Q

Vasco da Gama

A

Portugal
Born 1460
Discovered way to reach Asia by traveling around Africa

42
Q

Henry the Navigator

A

Portugal
1419
Build first school of navigation in Sagres, Portugal

43
Q

Ponce de Leon

A

Spain
Discovered Florida, searched for gold, Native Americans in Cuba told him about the “Fountain of Youth”

44
Q

Pizarro

A

Born in 1479
Spain
Conquered Inca, destroyed Incan capitol

45
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

Born in 1485
Spain
Conquered the Aztecs

46
Q

Henry Hudson

A

Born in 1500’s
England
Wanted to find Northwest Passage. discovered many waterways instead

47
Q

What waterways were discovered by Henry Hudson?

A
  1. Hudson River
  2. Hudson Bay
  3. Hudson Straight
48
Q

John Cabot

A

Born in 1450
Italy
Found the Northwest passage

49
Q

Jacques Cartier

A

1491
France
Established French presence in North America

50
Q

Portugal, Spain, England, France, The Netherlands: What was the relationship between each and the Native Americans?

A

Portugal: Bad, began African slave trade
Spain: Bad, conquered Inca/Aztecs
England: Mixed, Learned from natives, fought with natives
France: Good, allied with natives, traded with natives
The Netherlands: Bad, fought with natives

51
Q

Primary Sources

A

Immediate, first-hand accounts. Diaries, original research, photographs

52
Q

Secondary Sources

A

One step removed from primary sources. Biographies, analysis/interpretation of data, documentaries

53
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

Trade of goods between North America and Europe

54
Q

Middle Passage

A

Slave trade between Africa and the Americas

55
Q

What are the three G’s, which were reasons for exploration?

A
  1. God
  2. Gold
  3. Glory

History (4 decks)

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