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Biological Psyhcology > Module 3 - Structure of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Module 3 - Structure of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Neuaxis

A

An imaginary line drawn through the CNS from the spinal cord to the front of the brain

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2
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Rostral

A

The location of the brain that is towards the face

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3
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Caudal

A

The location of the brain that is away from the face

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4
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Anterior

A

Relative to the neuraxis, towards the top end (face)

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5
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Posterior

A

Relative to the neuraxis, towards the bottom end (feet)

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6
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Dorsal

A

Relative to the neuraxis, towards the back

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7
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Ventral

A

Relative to the neuraxis, towards the belly

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8
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Lateral

A

Towards the outside of the body

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9
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Medial

A

Towards the middle fo the body

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10
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Ipsilateral

A

Structures located on the same side of the body

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11
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Contralateral

A

Structures on the opposite side of the body

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12
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Sagittal Plane

A

Slicing the brain parallel to neuraxis and perpendicular to the ground (front view)

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13
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Coronal Plane

A

Slicing the brain parallel to the forehead to make front and back sections (side view)

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14
Q

Nervous System Terminology: Horizontal Plane

A

Slicing the brain parallel to the ground, to make top and bottom sections (top view)

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15
Q

Nervious System Protection

A
  • Meninges
  • Ventricular System & Cerebrospinal Fluid
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16
Q

Meninges

A

The layers of connective tissue covering nervous system to provide structure and protection

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17
Q

Meninges

A

________________ - Dura Mater
———————- - Arachnoid Membrane
########### - Subarachnoid space
———————- - Pia Mater
& & & & & & & - Brain Surface

CNS - Dura mater, arachnoid membrane & pia mater
PNS - onlt have dura & pia mater layers which are fused together to cover the nerves

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18
Q

Dura Mater

A

Forms a thick outer layer which is thick, tough and flexible

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19
Q

Arachnoid Membrane

A

Forms the middle layer which is soft and spongy

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20
Q

Pia Mater

A

Shaped to the brains surface which is think and delicate

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21
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

Filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced by the ventricular system. Located between the arachnoide membrance and the pia mater

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22
Q

Ventricular System & Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

CSF has 2 main jobs.
1 - Shock absorber - reduced net weight of brain as it floats in CSF
2 - Material exchanger - helps provide nutrients to the brain and removes waste

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23
Q

Ventricles

A

Small hollow spaces in the brain
Connected to one another and produce, store and circulate the cerebrospinal fluid

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24
Q

Choroid Plexus

A

A highly vascular tissue found in all the ventricles.

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25
Q

Forebrain

A

Located rostrally (towards the nose) and has two main subdivisions; telencephalon & diencephalon

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26
Q

Telencephalon

A

Forebrain - Lateral - Telencephalon
- Cerebral cortex
- Basal ganglia
- Limbic system

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27
Q

Diencephalon

A

Forebrain - Third - Diencephalon
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus

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28
Q

Cerebrum

A

Left and right of the cerebral hemispheres
Contains;
Cerebal cortex
Limbic system
Basal Ganglia

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29
Q

Cerebral Hemispheres

A
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30
Q

Cerebral Cortex - Cortial

A

Surrounds the two cerebal hemispheres
Convoluted (folded) to increase overall surface area which helps with comple cognition

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31
Q

Limbic System - Subcortical (Beneath the Cortex)

A
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32
Q

Basal Ganglia - Subcortical (Beneath the Cortex)

A
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33
Q

Sulci

A

Small grooves in the cerebral cortex

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34
Q

Fissures

A

Large grooves in the cerebral cortext

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35
Q

Gyri

A

Bulges in between grooves in the cerebral cortex

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36
Q

White Matter

A

Made up fpr glia and myelinated axons which have a while colour

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37
Q

Grey Matter

A

Names after its colour, contains glia and lots of cell bodies which have a grey colour

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38
Q

Cerebral Cortex - Frontal Lobe

A

Rostal to parietal lobe and dorsal to the temporal lobe

39
Q

Cerebral Cortex - Parietal Lobe

A

Caudal to the frontal lobe and dorsal to the temporal lobe

40
Q

Cerebral Cortex - Temporal Lobe

A

Rostral to the occipital lobe and ventral to pariental and frontal lobes

41
Q

Cerebral Cortex - Occipital Lobe

A

Caudal to parietal and temporal lobes

42
Q

Cerebral Cortex Functions - Sensory Cortex

A

Three areas of the cerebral cortex receive information from sensory organs for processing

43
Q

Primary Visual Cortex

A

Located in the occipital lobe around the calcarine fissure
Processes sensory information sent from the eyes

44
Q

Primary Auditory Cortex

A

Located in the temporal lobe near the lateral fissure
Processes sensory information sent from the auditory system

45
Q

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

A

Located in parietal lobe near the central sulcus
Processes information sent from the somatosensory system (pressure)

46
Q

Insular Cortex

A

Helps process taste information

47
Q

Contralateral Sensory Connections

A
48
Q

Primary Motor Cortex

A

Movement control
Located in the posterior part of the frontal lobe

49
Q

Association Cortex

A

Help accomplish everything between sensation and action
This is what most the cerebal cortex is made up of

50
Q

Sensory Association Cortex

A

Each primary sensory area if the cerebral cortex sends information to adjacent regions for futher processing
Regions further away receive information from more than one sensory systems which allows to connect information across senses

51
Q

Motor Assoiation Cortex (Premotor Cortex)

A

Helps control the primary motor cortex

52
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Collection of nuclei below the cerebal cortex (subcortical)
Involved in motor control

53
Q

Nuclei

A

An identifiable group of cell bodies in CNS

54
Q

Limbic System

A

Widespread group of brain nucle that form a network
Involved in learning, memory and emotions
Includes the limbic cortex, amygdala, hippocampus

55
Q

Hippocampus

A

Involved with learning and memory processing

56
Q

Amygdala

A

Helps with emotion processing

57
Q

Lateralization

A

Functions localised to one side of the brain

58
Q

Corpus Collosum

A

A large bundle of axons that interconnect corresponding regions of association cortex on each side of the brain
Allows the two sides to talk to another

59
Q

Thalamus

A

The largest part of the diencephalon which sit above the hypothalamus
Acts as a relay station
The nucleio (groups of cell bodies) have axons which are widespread throughout the cortex

60
Q

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

A

Gets information from the eye and sends it on to the primary visual cortex for detailed processing

61
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Sits below the thalamus
Controls the endocrine system (hormones) and the autonomic nervous system (regulates bodily functions)
Important for survival behaviours including reproduction, fighting and eating

62
Q

Pituitary Gland (anterior & posterior)

A

Hormones which influence the endocrine system through the pituitary gland
Anterior - Eventually cause the anterior to release its own hormones
Posterior - Does not make its own hormones.

63
Q

Neurosecretory cells of the Hypothalamus

A

Release hormones which enter blood vessels

64
Q

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

A
65
Q

Tectum

A
66
Q

Tegmentum

A
67
Q

Superior Colliculi

A
68
Q

Inferior Colliculi

A
69
Q

Reticular Formation

A
70
Q

Periaqueductal Grey Matter & Red Nucleus

A
71
Q

Substantia Nigra

A
72
Q

Hindbrain

A
73
Q

Metencephalon

A
74
Q

Myelencephalon

A
75
Q

Pons

A
76
Q

Cerebellum (Cerebellar Cortex & Cerebellar Nuclei)

A
77
Q

Medulla

A
78
Q

Spinal Cord

A
79
Q

Vertebral Column

A
80
Q

Spinal Roots

A
81
Q

Dorsal Spinal Roots

A
82
Q

Ventral Spinal Roots

A
83
Q

Nerves

A
84
Q

Crainal Nerves

A
85
Q

Spinal Nerves

A
86
Q

Afferent Axons

A
87
Q

Efferent Axons

A
88
Q

Autonomis Nervous System

A
89
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A
90
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A
91
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A
92
Q

Preganglionic Neuron

A
93
Q

Postganglionic Neuron

A
94
Q

Ganglia

A

Biological Psyhcology (4 decks)

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