Module 3- SPEAKING AND WRITING

Question 1

genderlect/gender communciation

Question 2

Verbal communication

Answer 2

speech and writing,

Question 3

Non verbal communication

Answer 3

Aspects of speech other than speech and writing

Question 4

Non verbal includes

Answer 4

’’ Body language - gestures/ movement/ posture, facial expression

Use of space/proxemics

’ Para-linguistics - tone of voice, loudness, pitch, inflection
‘ use of object

’ Appearance - dress, hairstyle

’- Graphics - charts, tables, diagtams, computer graphics.

’ Integrating forms for specific purposes and situations - practise
cases, role play and simulations

. Haptics - communicating via touch, for example, a handshake,
kiss, stroke of the shoulder, pat on the head

Question 5

Oral communication advantages

Answer 5

takes less time
facititates urgent messages
usefuI for confidential
information
provides instant feedback
cheap
adaptabte
attows personaI contact
provides opportunities for
personaI and bargaining power
usefuI for al[ types of audience
provides a forum for explanation

Question 6

Oral communication disadvantages

Answer 6

provides no records
easi[y forgotten
noise interference
miscommunication from
distorted words etc
opportunities for
misu nderstanding
immediate feedback prohibits
informed response
misunderstanding due to
confIicting non-verbaI gestures
lack of privacy

Question 7

Written communication

Answer 7

easy to edit and revise messages
‘ the message is permanent
receiver can re-read the message
for greater understanding
reIiable
good for mass dissemination
‘ can more easily be used to
present complex messages
less chance of distortion or
m isu nderstanding
inctudes facts and necessary
information

Question 8

WRITTEN COMMUNICATION DISADVANTAGES

Answer 8

time-consuming
less flexibitity to amend once the
message has been dispatched
feedback can be delayed
improper use of vocabu[ary,
grammar and punctuation can
hamper the communication
Process
does not cater to at[ audiences -
e.g. i[[iterates, [anguage barriers
and the blind
expensive
lacks the personaI touch
lacks confidentiatity
problems with storage and fiting
H

Question 9

!ntrapersonaI communication

Answer 9

Communication with self when you think, strategise and solve prob[ems in
your mind

Question 10

!nterpersonaI communication

Answer 10

Communication with other peopte

Question 11

Small group

Answer 11

Communication with a few people with a common purpose

Question 12

Public communication

Answer 12

One person tatks to several others in a pubtic setting

Question 13

OrganisationaI communication

Answer 13

Communication in a business context

Question 14

Mass media communication

Answer 14

lnvotves messages, news or broadcasts often using electronic means

Question 15

lntercultural communication

Answer 15

Communication among different cultures (cross-cultural)

Question 16

lntracuttural communication

Answer 16

Communication with your own racia[, religious or ethicaI group

Question 17

Communication campaigns

Answer 17

Communication that takes into consideration the needs of a campaign to
reach the targeted audience

Question 18

Computer-mediated
communication

Answer 18

Communication through the use of electronic devices

Question 19

Gender communication

Answer 19

Communication issues between sexes and issues of women

Question 20

Health communication

Answer 20

Communication within the heatthcare system that invotves doctor-patient
; and patient-to-patient conversations about illnesses. lt also incIudes
healthcare campaigns

Question 21

Government communication

Answer 21

Communication that connects the government to the peopte of a country -
to inform, persuade.

Question 22

Academic communication

Answer 22

Communication in an educationaI context

Question 23

Designing a communication campaign

Answer 23

Think about
Goal:
Target audience/s:
Objectives:
Channels of Communication :
Message:
Timing:
Reso u rc es /TechnoIogicaI aids :
Feedback:

Question 24

Metalinguistic

Question 25

What is the role of appearance in non-verbal communication?

Answer 25

Appearance includes clothing, accessories, and hairstyle. A neat appearance can increase credibility.

Question 26

What does body language and posture include in non-verbal communication?

Answer 26

Body language and posture involve facial expressions, gestures, hand movements, and posture. Hand gestures in speech-making can reinforce points.

Question 27

What is vocalics/para-linguistics?

Answer 27

Vocalics refers to sound, including tone of voice, volume, speech pace, pitch, and intonation. For example, an upbeat tone at the start of a speech grabs audience interest.

Question 28

What does eye contact or gaze communicate?

Answer 28

Eye contact suggests interest or deep concentration. Avoiding eye contact can suggest insecurity or unfriendliness. It's important for holding audience attention.

Question 29

What is proxemics or space in non-verbal communication?

Answer 29

Proxemics refers to the space between people during a conversation, as well as room size, lighting, and furnishings. Standing close to someone can indicate familiarity.

Question 30

What does haptics involve?

Answer 30

Haptics involves communication through touch. For example, gently stroking someone's shoulder can convey understanding and empathy.

Question 31

How do the five senses play a role in non-verbal communication?

Answer 31

The five senses (smell, sight, taste, sound, touch) help us connect with others. For instance, the smell of someone can attract or repel us.

Question 32

What is the significance of objects and graphics in non-verbal communication?

Answer 32

Objects, diagrams, sketches, or symbols can reinforce meaning. For example, drums and steel-pan in a play can set an upbeat environment.

Question 33

What do artefacts communicate?

Answer 33

Artefacts, such as the car we drive or the jewelry we wear, send messages about our lifestyle, taste, and choices.

Question 34

How does the use of time (CHRONEMICS) convey messages in non-verbal communication?

Answer 34

How we use time sends messages to others. Being late without a good reason can show a lack of respect for others.

Question 35

What is an advantage of non-verbal communication in complementing verbal presentations?

Answer 35

Non-verbal communication can complement verbal presentations, such as shaking someone's hand while saying "I am sorry," which helps gain forgiveness.

Question 36

How does non-verbal communication help the disadvantaged?

Answer 36

Non-verbal communication helps the mentally, physically, and literacy-challenged by including them in the communication process, such as giving directions by pointing a finger.

Question 37

How does non-verbal communication reinforce verbal messages?

Answer 37

Non-verbal communication reinforces verbal messages, like nodding your head for agreement.

Question 38

How can non-verbal communication make presentations more appealing?

Answer 38

Non-verbal communication, such as using graphics and pictures, can make presentations more appealing.

Question 39

How is non-verbal communication a good substitute when there are barriers to communication?

Answer 39

Non-verbal communication can be a substitute for verbal messages in situations with barriers like noise or language differences.

Question 40

How can non-verbal communication send messages quickly?

Answer 40

Non-verbal communication can send messages quickly, like pointing a finger to indicate a selection.

Question 41

What is a disadvantage of non-verbal communication regarding cultural differences?

Answer 41

Non-verbal communication can be misinterpreted, as a positive gesture in one culture can be negative in another.

Question 42

How can non-verbal communication distort information?

Answer 42

Non-verbal cues, such as eye contact, gestures, or tone of voice, may convey a message that does not resonate with the receiver, potentially distorting information.

Question 43

What is a disadvantage of non-verbal communication regarding understanding?

Answer 43

Non-verbal communication can be difficult to understand, as not everyone can interpret non-verbal cues effectively, and people may have different interpretations.

Question 44

What is a challenge of understanding non-verbal communication?

Answer 44

Non-verbal communication may require a lot of repetition to understand, making it less efficient.

Question 45

What is a disadvantage of non-verbal communication in terms of cost?

Answer 45

Non-verbal communication, like signs, pictures, and billboards, can be costly compared to other forms of communication.

Question 46

What is a limitation of non-verbal communication regarding formality?

Answer 46

Non-verbal communication lacks formality, which can make it less appropriate in some professional or structured settings.

Question 47

What is formal communication and where is it typically used?

Answer 47

Formal communication is verbal or written information presented in official settings, often used in public meetings, formal occasions, conferences, workplaces, and professional settings.

Question 48

What are some conventions or patterns used in formal communication?

Answer 48

Formal communication uses standard language, complete and complex sentence structures, is logically expressed, avoids slang, uses correct pronunciation, follows lines of authority, and may not require feedback.

Question 49

What are the advantages of formal communication?

Answer 49

Formal communication is reliable, follows writing conventions, can be edited for clarity, and ensures the sender is accountable for the message sent.

Question 50

What is informal communication and where is it typically used?

Answer 50

Informal communication involves casual, spontaneous conversations based on social and emotional needs, often used with friends, family, colleagues, or peers at school.

Question 51

What are some key features of informal communication?

Answer 51

Informal communication is oral, incorporates gestures, can be imprecise, covers specific or general topics, takes place in a relaxed atmosphere, uses incomplete sentences, and allows interruptions, emotional expressions, slang, and code-switching.

Question 52

What are the advantages of informal communication?

Answer 52

Informal communication facilitates integration, acts as a source of information when official channels fail, and allows individuals to prepare thoughts for formal discussions.

Question 53

What should you be cautious about when using informal communication?

Answer 53

Informal communication can sometimes spread unreliable information, such as rumors, which can harm relationships or lead to poor decisions.

Question 54

What are some similarities between formal and informal communication?

Answer 54

Both use verbal and non-verbal expression (words, symbols, tone, gestures) and can use different communication channels (e.g., formal channels like television or informal ones like face-to-face discussions).

Question 55

What is important to do when using written formal and informal communication?

Answer 55

It is important to confirm the information before sending it in both formal and informal communication.

Question 56

Designing a Communication Campaign Key objectives:

Answer 56

Define the communication goal and objective. Tailor the message to the audience (e.g., intercultural, governmental, health). Address marginalized groups' needs (e.g., language, cultural differences). Choose the appropriate communication channel (e.g., government officials using face-to-face interaction for health education). Select effective communication tools (e.g., social media, live forums).

Question 57

Organisational strategies

Answer 57

anything

Question 58

Verbal communication

Answer 58

anything spoken or written

Question 59

pitch vs pace vs intonation

Answer 59

Pitch refers to the highness or lowness of your voice, pace is the speed at which you speak, and intonation is the variation in pitch used to convey meaning and emotion.