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Functional Anatomy (KINE 3P98) > Module 3: Shoulder & Arm > Flashcards

Module 3: Shoulder & Arm Flashcards

1
Q

muscles in axillary fold

A

triceps brachii
latissimus dorsi
serratus anteror

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2
Q

bones of shoulder and arm

A

clavicle
humerus
scapula

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3
Q

4 joints of shoulder

A

sternoclavicular
acromioclavicular
glenohumeral
scapularthoracic

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4
Q

clavicle development + what kind sternoclavicular joint is

A

1st to start devel, last to complete
- why breaks easiest
- birds’ fuse/ossified to stern = wish bones
stenoclav = saddle

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5
Q

scapula boney landmarks (10)

A 
acromion
spine of scapula 
- supra/infraspinous fossas
superior/inferior angle
medial border
lateral border
infraglenoid tubercle
glenoid cavity (cartilage)
coracoid process
subscapular fossa
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6
Q

boney landmarks of humerus

A 
head of humerus
- greater tubercle
- lesser tubercle
- intertubercle groove
   ^ bicep (-|- two)
deltoid tuberosity 
other end
- olecranon fossa
- medial epicondyle
- trochlea
- lateral epicondyle
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7
Q

boney landmarks clavicle

A 
acromial end (5 shape w/out top line) 
- trapezoid line
- conoid tubercle
sternal end (upside down triangle)
- groove for subclavius
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8
Q

deltoid actions

A

all fibers = abduct shoulder (1st 15 deg = supspin)
anterior fibers = flex, medially rotate, & horizontally adduct the shoulder
posterior fibers = extend, laterally rotate, & horizontally abduct the shoulder

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9
Q

deltoid (O+I)

+ why name

A

O = lat 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, & spine of scap
I = deltoid tuberosity
* bc upside down delta (triangle)

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10
Q

why trap called wingnut

A

good question go watch lecture

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11
Q

what is the climbing muscle

A

latissimus dorsi

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12
Q

nerves for trapezius + test

A

spinal portion of cranial nerve XI (accessory) - shrug test

ventral ramus C2`, 3, 4

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13
Q

teres major (I+O+A)

A

extend, adduct, and medially rotate the shoulder
O= inferior angle & lower 1/3 of lat scap border
I = crest of lesser tubercle of humerus

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14
Q

muscles of rotator cuff (+ what is greater purpose)

A 
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
* glen-hum stability
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15
Q

supraspinatus (I+O+A)

A
  • abduct the shoulder (1st 15 deg; rest 85 deg = deltoid)
  • stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity
    O = supraspinous fossa of scapula
    I = greater tubercle of humerus
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16
Q

infraspinatus (I+O+A)

A
  • laterally rotate & adduct shoulder
  • stabilize head of humerus
    O = medial 3/4 infraspinous fossa of scap
    I = greater tubercle of humerus
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17
Q 
teres minor (I+O+A)
\+ function & placement
A
  • laterally rotate & adduct shoulder
  • stabilize head of humerus
    O = upper 2/3 of lat scap border
    I = greater tubercle of humerus
  • synergist for infrspin
  • hidden by delts
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18
Q

subscapularis (I+O+A)

A
  • medially rotate the shoulder (!!!!)
  • stabilize head of humerus
    O = subscapular fossa of scap
    I = lesser tubercle of humerus
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19
Q

rhomboid major (O+I+A)

A

adduct, elevate, & downward rotate scap
O = spin pro t2-t5
I = medial border of the scapular -|- scap spine & inf angle

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20
Q

rhomboid minor (I+O+A)

A

adduct, elevate, & downward rotate of scap
O = spin pro c7- t1
I = upper portion of med bord of scap (across from spine of scap)

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21
Q

how levator scapula affect scap + where positioned

A
  • unilaterally elevate and downwardly rotate scapula or fixated scap
  • deep to trap
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22
Q

pectoralis major actions

A 
all fibers 
- adduct & medially rotate shoulder
- assist elevate thorax w forced inhalation (w arm fixed)
upper fibers 
- flex & horizontally adduct shoulder
lower fibers 
- extend shoulder
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23
Q

pec major (I+O)

A 
O = med 1/2 clav, sterrn, & cartilage of rib 1-6
I = crest of greater tubercle of humerus
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24
Q 
pec minor (O+I+A) 
\+ fun fact
A
  • depress, abduct, & downwardly rotate scap
  • w scap fixed = assist elevate thorax w forced inhal
    O = ribs 3-5 (can vary)
    I = medial surface of coracoid process of scap
  • surgical landmark for axillary artery
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25
Q

subclavius (O+I+A)

+ function

A
  • depress & draw clav anteriorly
  • elevate rib 1 to assist w inhal
  • stabilize sternoclavicular joint
    O = rib 1 & cartilage
    I = inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clav
  • anchors sternal end of clav if there is a lateral-acting force to the scapular end of clav
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26
Q 
biceps brachii (O+I+A) 
\+ what joints cross & 1 fun fact
A
  • flex elbow (not when pronated)
  • @ 90de flexion = supinated forearm & flex shoulder
    O
  • short head = coracoid process
  • long head = supraglenoid tubercle
    I
  • tuberosity of radius
  • aponeurosis of bicep brachii
  • glenohumeral joint, elbow, radial humeral joint
  • ~10% of ppl 3rd head
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27
Q 
triceps brachii (I+O+A)
\+ 1 fun fact
A
  • all heads = extend elbow
  • long head (stabilize/stunt) = extend and adduct shoulder
    O
  • long head = infraglenoid tubercle of scap
  • lateral head = post surface of prox of the humerus
  • medial head = post surface of distal half of humerus
    I = olecranon process of ulna
  • lateral head = strongest w resistance
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28
Q

coracobrachialis (O+I+A)

+ function

A
  • flex & adduct shoulder
    O = coracoid process of scapula
    I = medial surface of mid humeral shaft
  • stabilizes GH, shunt
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29
Q

structures of the axilla + why name

A 
armpit pyramid
- point = cervical axillary canal = path for vascular function 
    - brachial veins & ulnar nerve
base = skin, fat, fascia 
sides 
    - ant pec major
    - supscap
    - med serratus anterior
    - teres major
    - latissimus dorsi
intertubercular groove of humerus
* bit ouchie/ticklish bc not want touch bc vulnerable area
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30
Q

coracoclavicular ligament

A

clav to coracoid

trapezoid & conoid

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31
Q

acromioclavicular ligament

A
  • clav to acromion

- shoulder separation

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32
Q

ligaments of shoulder (6)

A 
coracoclavicular 
acromioclavicular
supraspinatus & subscapularis tendons
coracohumeral 
coracoacromial
infraspinatus and teres minor tendons
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33
Q

glenoid cavity

A

not circle
- :. stability issues
cartilage
surrounded by articular capsule

34
Q

8 carpal bones

so long to pinky here comes the thumb

A 
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
hamate
capitate
trapezoid
trapezium
sca lu tri, pisi ham cap trap trap
35
Q

boney landmarks of forearm and hand

A 
radius/ulna
- radial styloid
- ulnar styloid
- shafts
- olecranon process (ulna)
metacarpals & phalanges
- base
- shaft
- hand
36
Q

4 primary groups of forearm and hand muscles

A
  1. act at elbow
  2. move wrist and fingers
  3. pivot rad/ulna
  4. thumb
37
Q

elbow movement & muscles

A 
flexion = bicep
extension = tricep
38
Q

radial-ulnar joint movement and muscles

A 
supination
- bicep & supinator
pronation 
- pronator teres
- bi quad
39
Q

wrist action and muscles

A 
extension = extensor carpi radialis/ulnaris 
flexion = flexor carpi radialis/ulnaris 
abduction = ulnar deviation 
adduction = radial deviation
40
Q

hand and finger movements

A

extension
flexion
adduction
abduction

41
Q

thumb movements

A 
flexion
extension
opposition 
adduction
abduction
42
Q

brachialis (I+O+A)

A

flex elbow
- most force
- only pure boy
O = distal half of anterior surface of humerus
I = tuberosity & coronoid process of ulna

43
Q

brachioradialis (I+O+A)

A
  • flex elbow
  • assist pronate and supinate forearm when resisted
  • quick moves
    • no wrist action/no cross wrist
      O = prox 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
      I = styloid process of radius
44
Q

pronator teres (O+I+A)

A

pronate forearm
assit flex elbow
O = common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
I = middle of lateral surface of radius

45
Q

what 4 muscles originate at common flexor tendon

A
  1. pronator teres
  2. flexor carpi radialis
  3. palmaris longus
  4. flexor carpi ulnaris
    (5. flexor digitorum superficialis)
46
Q 
pronator quadratus (I+O+A)
\+ how access & 1 fun fact
A

pronate forearm
O = medial, anterior surface of distal ulna
I = lateral, anterior surface of distal radius
* only muscle that crosses ulna-radius
*inner wrist
* only access via dissection

47
Q

supinator (O+I+A)

A 
slow, unopposed supinate forearm
O 
- lat epicon of hum
- rad collateral lig
- annular lig
- supinator crest of ulna
I = anterior lat surface of proximal 1/3 of radial shaft
48
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus (O+I+A)

+ function

A 
extend & abduct wrist
assist flex elbow
radial deviation 
O = distal 1/3 of lat supracondylar ridge of humerus
I = base of metacarpals
* clench fist
49
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis (O+I+A)

A

extend & abduct wrist
assist to flex elbow (synergist)
O = common extensor tendon from lat epicondyle of humerus
I = base of 3rd metacarpal

50
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris (O+I+A)

A

extend & adduct wrist
O = common extensor tendon of lat epidon of hum
I = base of 5th metacarpal

51
Q

extensor digitorum (O+I+A)

A

extend phalanges 2-5
assist extend wrist
O = common extensor tendon from lat epi con of hum
I = bases of middle & distal phalanges of 2nd-5th fingers

52
Q

what do hand tendons do

A

restrict independent extension

53
Q

flexor carpi radialis (O+I+A)

A

flex & abduct wrist
maybe flex elbow
O = common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
I = bases of metacarpal 2&3

54
Q 
palmaris longus (O+I+A)
* fun fact
A
  • tense palmar fascia
  • flex wrist
  • maybe flex elbow
    O = common flexor tendon from medial epicon of hum
    I = flex retinaculum & palmar aponeurosis
  • not everyone has
  • Achilles tendon of the wrist sorta
55
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris (O+I+A+N)

A

-flex & adduct wrist
- assist flex elbow
O
- humeral head = common flexor tendon from medial epicon of hum
- ulnar hear = posterior surface of proximal 2/3 of ulna
I
- pisiform
- hook of hamate
- base of 5th metacarpal
N = ulnar nerve (C7,8,T1)
- only one innverv by this boy

56
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis

A 
flex fingers 2-5
flex wrist
O
- common flexor tendon from med epicon fo hum
- ulnar collateral lig
- coronoid process of ulna
- interosseous membrane
- proximal shaft of radius
I = sides of middle phalanges of 2-5 finger
57
Q

flexor digitorum profundus (O+I+A)

+ how sit

A 
flex 2-5 fingers
assist flex wrist
O = anterior & medial surfaces of proximal 3/4 of ulna
I 
- base of distal phalanges
- palmar surface of 2-5 fingers
* clothes ulna
58
Q

anconeus (O+I+A)

+ what is called

A

extend the elbow
O = lateral epicondyle of humerus
I = olecranon process & posterior, proximal surface of ulna
* tense capsule @ elbow

59
Q

extensor indicis (O+I+A)

A

extend & adduct second finger
- independence of pointer finger
O = posterior surface of distal shaft if ulna and interosseous membrane
I = tendon of extensor digitorum @ level of the 2nd metacarpal

60
Q

extensor pollicis longus (O+I+A)

+ fun fact

A 
extend the thumb
abduct the wrist
O = pos surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
I = base of distal phalanx of thumb
* anatomical snuff box
61
Q

extensor pollicis brevis (O+I+A)

+ fun fact

A 
extend thumb
abduct wrist
O = pos surface of radius and interosseous membrane
I = base of prox phalanx of thumb
* snuff
62
Q

what muscles make up snuff box

A
  1. extensor pollicis longus (lat)
  2. extensor pollicis brevis (med)
  3. abdictor pollicis longus (lat)
63
Q

abductor pollicis longus (I+O+A)

+ fun fact

A 
abduct & extend thumb
abduct wrist
O = pos surface of radius and ulna, & interosseous membrane
I = base of 1st metacarpal
* snuff box
64
Q

abductor pollicis brevis (I+O+A)

A

abduct thumb
assist in opposition of thumb
O = flexor retinaculum, trapezium, & scaphoid tubercles
I = base of prox phalanx of thumb

65
Q

flexor pollicis longus (O+I+A)

A

only thumb flexor
assist to flex wrist
O = anterior surface of radius & interosseous membrane
I = base of distal phalanx of thumb

66
Q

flexor pollicis brevis (O+I+A+N)

A

flex thumb & assist in opposition
O
- superficial head (larger) = flexor retinaculum
- deep head (smaller) = trapezium, trapezoid, and capitate
I = base of proximal phalanx of thumb
N
- superficial head = median nerve C6,7,8,T1
- deep head = ulnar nerve C8,T1

67
Q 
opponens pollicis (O+I+A)
\+ function
A

opposition of thumb @ carpometacarpal joint
flex & rot imcp join
O = flex retinaculum & tubercle of trapezium
I = length of first metacarpal bone, radial surface
* picking up

68
Q 
adductor pollicis (O+I+A)
\+ what structure for
A 
adduct thumb (only adductor)
O = capitate, metacarpals 2&3
I = base of proximal phalax of thumb
* radial artery runs under belly
69
Q

thumb muscles

A

extensor pollicis longus & brevis
abductor pollicis longus & brevis
flexor pollicis longus & brevis
opponens pollicis

70
Q

pinky muscles

A

abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi

71
Q

abductor digiti minimi (I+O+A)

+ placement

A

abduct 5th finger
assist in opposition of 5th finger
O = pisiform & tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
I = base of phalanx of 5th finger & ulnar surface
* most superficial

72
Q

flexor digiti minimi (I+O+A

A

flex 5h finger
assist in opposition of 5th finger towards thumb
O = hook of hamate & flexor retinaculum
I = base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger, palmer surface

73
Q

opponens digiti minimi (I+O+A)

+ placement & how work

A

opposition of 5th finger @ carpometacarpal joint (only boy)
O = hook of hamate & flexor retinaculum
I = shaft of 5th metacarpal, ulnar surface
* deepest
* pushes in hollow of hand

74
Q

palm muscles

A

lumbricals
palmar interossei
dorsal interossei

75
Q

lumbricals of hand (O+I+A+N)

+ why name

A

extend & flex 2nd-5th @interphalangeal joints
O = surfaces of flexor digitorum profundus tendons
I = extensor aponeurosis on dorsa surface of phalanges
N
- fingers 2&3 = median C(6),7,8,T1
- fingers 4&5 = ulnar C(7),8,T1
* lumbricals = worms

76
Q

palmar interossei (O+I+A)

A
  • adduct & assist to flex & extend thumb, 2nd, 4th, & 5th fingers
    O = base of 1st, 2nd, 4th, & 5th metacarpals
    I = base of proximal phalanx of related finger and the extensor aponeurosis
  • anchor to and towards 3rd finger
  • PAD = palmer adduct
77
Q

dorsal interossei (O+I+A)

A

abduct, & assist to flex and extend 2nd-4th fingers
O = adjacent sides of all metacarpals
I = base of proximal phalanx of 2nd-4th fingers & extensors aponeurosis
* DAB = dorsal abductor

78
Q

palmar + dorsal interossei common movements

A

flex metacarpophalangeal joints

extend interphalangeal joint

79
Q

elbow ligaments and components

A 
radial collateral ligaments
- humerus to ulna fan and blend to head of radius
annular ligament 
- ulna to ulna over head of radius
- w blend of radial collateral ligament
ulnar collateral ligament
- anterior = hum med epicon to ulna 
- posterior = hum med epicon to olecranon process; weaker
ulnar nerve 
- along ulnar groove
- under ulnar collateral lig/along it
80
Q

wrist tendons structure

A

flexor retinaculum
- roof for flexor tendons
extensor retinaculum
- roof for extensor tendons

81
Q

ligs of interphalangeal joints

A

flexor digitorum superficialis tendon
- down 3rd finger
- splits at proximal interphalangeal joint for FDP tendon
flexor digitorum profundus tendon
- follows FDS tendon & goes through when split @ its insertion
- insert on distal interphalangeal joint
deep transverse metacarpal lig
- connect 2nd & 3rd, and 3rd & 4th, and 4th & 5th fingers at the metacarpals

Functional Anatomy (KINE 3P98) (4 decks)

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