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Functional Anatomy (KINE 3P98) > Module 2: Thorax & Spine > Flashcards

Module 2: Thorax & Spine Flashcards

1
Q

tell me about c1 and c2

A

c1= atlas & toppiest
c2 = axis & pokeyiest spinous process
yes and no

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2
Q

biggest vertebral foramen?

A

atlas, gets smaller as down

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3
Q

what special ab atlas superior facets

A

where occipital condyles of skull attach

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4
Q

how hanging death?

A

snap at axis lamina (-|- transverse and spinous process), hyperextension & break of c2

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5
Q

what is peg of c2 that c1 sits on?

A

odontois process or dens, “no” peg

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6
Q

c3-c7 body

A
  • wider than deep
  • superior = concave
  • inferior = convex
    ^ :. sit together
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7
Q

c3-c7 facets

A

superior facets = point sup and pos
inferior facets = point inf and ant
:. sit diagonally together

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8
Q

which section of verte have transverse foramen for vertebral vein & artery

A

c3-c7

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9
Q

what about anterior tubercle

A

small or absent in c7

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10
Q

spinous process of c3-c7

A

pre much horizontal

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11
Q

thoracic spinous process

A 
t1-t4 = horizontal
t5-t12 = more verical
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12
Q

thoracic vertebrae facets

A
  • sup & inf facets fit diagonally

- costal facets = rib attachments

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13
Q

thoracic vertebral body

A

bigger and thicker than cervical, not as big as lumbar

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14
Q

thoracic vertebrae characteristics

A

t1-t4 = share cervical characteristics
t5-8 = ribs
t9-t12= share lumbar characteristics
- no inf costal facets (past ribs)
- body gets bigger to support weight
-t12 = most commonly fractured vertebrae
-biggest t vert, so like can support weight but like not
enough that it sometimes gets

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15
Q

lumbar vertebrae body

A

biggest (surface, height, width) for weight support

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16
Q

lumbar vertebrae facets

A 
sup = med
inf = lat 
\:. diagonally
- grip allow extend/flex back rotation
         -bc ^ stability (also decre mobility)
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17
Q

what is mammilary process

A

lumbar vertebrae, on lamina

muscle insertion site

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18
Q

what makes up thoracic wall/cage

A

sternum, manubrium, ribs (costal joints), vertebral column (t1-t12), diaphragm (inferior aperture), head & neck (superior aperture)

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19
Q

true ribs

A

ribs 1-7, attach directly to sternum/sternocostal joint

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20
Q

false ribs

A

ribs 8-12, connect via cartilage/costochondral joints

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21
Q

floating ribs

A

ribs 11&12 (sometimes 10, check via chest x-ray), don’t connect in front of thorax

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22
Q

manubrium, sternum, & xiphoid process + ribs - how all connect?

A

rib 1 attach manubrium
rib 2 = -|- manu + stern
rib 3-6 = body of stern
rib 7 + 8-10 cartilage = xiphoid

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23
Q

atypical ribs

A

1, 2, 11, 12

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24
Q

rib 1

A

shortest
broadest
sharpest curve
1 facet on vertebral end

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25
Q

rib 2

A

thin, small curve, serratus anterior

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26
Q

all ribs boney landmarks

A

sternal end w costal cartilage, angle w serratus anterior, @ vertebral end = head, neck, tubercle

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27
Q

spine curvatures

A
  • cervical lordosis
  • thoracic kyphosis
  • lumbar lordosis
  • sacral kyphosis
  • when all together big flex, individ v little flex
  • small at cervical get bigger and bigger to L5 then smaller to coccyx
    - bc weight is tranferred to hips
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28
Q

vertebral column flexion muscles

A

rectus abdominus
int & ext obliques
(if legs fixed) iliopsoas

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29
Q

vertebral column extension muscles

A

erector spinae
transversospinalis
(if arm is fixed) latissimus dorsi

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30
Q

vertebral column rotation muscles

A 
(opp side) 
- ext obliques
- multifidi
(same side)
- int oblique
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31
Q

vertebral column lateral flexion muscles

A 
iliocostalis
int & ext oblq
latissimus dori (assist)
32
Q

rib/thorax elevation/expansion muscles

A 
scalenes
serratus posterior superior
(fixed scapula)
- pec minor
- serratus anterior
33
Q

ribs/thorax depression/collapse

A

serratus posterior inferior

internal intercostals

34
Q

erector spinae group (names + action)

A
  • spinalis
  • longissimus
  • iliocostalis
  • unilat = laterally flex to same side
  • bilat = extend
35
Q

spinalis (O+I)

A

O
- thoracis = spinous process upper lumbar & lower thoracic vert
- cervicis = ligamentum nuchae & spinous c7
I
- thoracis = spinous process upper thoracic
- cervicis = spinous processe cervicals (sauf c1)

36
Q

longissimus (O+I)

A

O
- thoracis = common tendon
- cervicis and capitis = transvers process t1-t5
I
- thoracis = lower 9 ribs & transvers process of t vert
- cervicis = transvers process of c vert
- capitis = mastoid process of temporal bone

37
Q

iliocostalis (O+I)

A

O
- lumborum = common tendon
- thoracis & cervicis = pos serface ribs 1-12
I
- lumborum = transverse process L1-L3 & posterior surface ribs 1-6
- thoracis = pos surface rib 1-6
- cervicis = transvers process lower c vert

38
Q

transversospinalis group

A

multifidi
rotatores
semispinalis capitis

39
Q

multifidi (O+I+action)

A
  • unilat = rotation vert col to opp side
  • bilat = extend vert col
  • O = sacrum & transverse process of L and C vert
  • I = spinous process L-c2 vert
  • span 2-4 vert
40
Q

rotatores (O+I+action)

A
  • unilat = rotate vert col opp side
  • bilat = extend vert col
  • O = transverse process L-C vert
  • I = spinous process L-c2 vert
  • 1-2 vert
  • deep to multifidi
41
Q

semispinalis capitis (O+I+action)

A
  • extend vert col & head
  • O = transverse process c4-t5
  • I = -|- sup & inf nuchal lines of occiput
  • speed bumps on back of neck
42
Q 
quadratus lumborum (I+O+A)
\+ 2 fun fact
A
  • deepest abdominals
  • hip hike & ball room dancing
    (unilat)
  • laterally tilt pelvis
  • laterally flex vert col same side
  • (assist) extend vert col
    (bilat)
  • fix last rob w forced breathing
    O = posterior iliac spine
    I = rib 12, transverse process L1-4
43
Q

what are the abdominals

A

rectus
external O
internal O
transverse

44
Q 
rectus abdoninis (I+O+A)
\+ 1 fun fact
A
  • flex vert col
  • tilt pelvis posteriorly
    O = pubic crest, pubis symphysis
    I = cartilage of rib 5,6,7 & xiphiod process
  • 3x wider @ top (insertion) than bottom (origin)
45
Q 
external obliques (I+O+A)
\+ fiber direction &  1 fun fact
A
  • unilat = lat flex vert col to same side, rotate vert col to op side
  • bilat = flex vert col, compress abdom contents
    O = external surfaces rib 5-12
    I = anterior part of iliac crest, rectus sheath to linea alba
  • hand in pocket
  • almost vert @ bott (instertion) & almost horizontal @ top (origin)
46
Q 
internal oblique (I+O+A)
\+ direction & placement
A
  • unilat = lat flex vert col to same side; rotate vert col to same side
  • bilat = flex vert col; comp vert col
    O = lateral inguinal lig, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
    I = internal surface of lower 3 ribs, rectus sheath to linea alba
  • hands to chest
  • superiormedial
47
Q 
transverse abdominis (I+O+A)
\+ 1 fun fact
A
  • compress abdominal contents
    O = lat inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fasica & internal surface of ribs 6-12
    I = rectus sheath to linea alba
    + drives internal pressure to prevent injury
48
Q

diaphragm (I+O+A)

A
  • draw down = central tendon of diaphragm to increa vol of thoracic cavity during inhalation
    O
  • costal attachment = inner surface rib 6-12
  • lumbar attachment = L1&2-3
  • sternal attachment = inner part of xiphoid process
    I = central tendon
  • invol contract = hiccup
49
Q

intercostals (I+O+A)

A
  • external inter = draw ribs sup (incre vol thoracic cav) assist w inhalation
  • internal inter = draw ribs inf (decre vol throacic cav) assist w exhalation
    O = inferior border of rib above
    I = superior border of rib above
50
Q

serratus posterior superior (I+O+A)

A
  • elevate ribs inhalation
    O = spinous processes C7-T3
    I = posterior surface ribs 2-5
51
Q

serratus posterior inferior (I+O+A)

A
  • depress ribs exhalation
    O = spinous processes T12-L3
    I = posterior surface rib 9-12
52
Q

intertraversarii (O+I+A)

+ 1 fun fact & function

A
  • unilat = lat flex to same side
  • bilat = extend vert col
    O (bottom)
  • cervical = transverse processes C2-C7
  • Lumbar = transverse processes L1-L5
    I (top)
  • cervical = transverse processes C2-C7
  • Lumbar = transverse processes L1-L5
  • too deep to palpate
  • no thoracic bc ribs on trans pro
  • O on bottom of ea trans pro and I on top :. pull up
53
Q

interspinalis (O+I+A)

+ fun fact & function

A 
- extend vert col
O (bottom)
- cervical = spinous process C2-T3
- lumbar = spinous process T12-L5
I (top) 
- cervical = spinous process C2-T3
- lumbar = spinous process T12-L5
* too deep to palpate
* O on inf aspect of spin pro and I on sup aspect of spin pro :. pull up
54
Q

Trapezius action

A 
Upper fibers
- bilat = extend head and neck
- unilat = lat flex head and neck same side, rotate head and neck to op side, elevate scap, upwardly rotate scal
Middle fibers
- adduct scap
- stabilize scap
Lower fibers
- depress scap
- upwardly rotate scap
55
Q

Trapezius (I+O+N)

+ function

A 
O
- external occipital protuberance
- medial portion of sup nuchal line of occiput
- ligamentum nuchae
- spinous processes c7-t12
I
- lat 1/2 of clavicle 
- acromion
- spine of scap
N 
- spinal portion of cranial nerve XI (accessory)
- ventral ranus C2,3,4
* shrug to test innervation
connect pectoral girdle to trunk
56
Q 
latissimus dorsi (I+O+A)
\+ palpate & fun fact
A
  • extend, adduct, medially rotate shoulder
  • directly affect humerus; indirect = scap (downward rotation)
    O
  • inf angle scap
  • spin pro T6-12
  • ribs 8/9-12
  • thoracolumbar fascia
  • posterior iliac crest
    I = intertubercular groove of humerus
  • palpate = in axillary fold (climbers, pull downs), ouchie spot
  • widest of back
57
Q 
rhomboid major (O+I+A)
\+ describe
A
  • adduct, elevate, downwardly rotate scap
  • forcefully lower arms
    O = spin pro T2-5
    I = med border scap -|- scap spine & inf ang
  • thin, fat, 2x wider than minor
58
Q 
rhomboid minor (O+I+A)
\+ describe & how test
A
  • adduct, elevate, downwardly rotate scap
    O = spin pro C7-T1
    I = upper portion med border scap, across scap spine
  • test = hands on hips and push elbows back, client resist
  • thicker (than major), deep to trap, harder to palpate (than major)
59
Q

levator scapula (O+I+A)

A 
unilat 
- elevate & downwardly rotate scap
- lat flex head & neck
- rotate head and neck to same side
bilat = extend head and neck
O= trans pro of C1-4
I = med bord scap, -|- sup ang & sup portion cap spine
60
Q 
serratus anterior (I+O+A)
* fun fact & function
A 
w O fixed 
- abduct, upwardly rotate, and depress scap
- pull medial bord of scap to rib cage
w scap fixed = maybe elevate thorax w forced inhalation
O = external surfaces ribs 1-8/9
I = anterior surface med bord scap
* antagonist to rhomboids
* rib abs
* antagonist to rhomboids
61
Q

connecting ligaments on spine (LN+SL) (+ connections)

A 
ligamentum nuchae
- external occipital protuberance & spin pros c1-c7
-back of neck line boy
surpaspinous ligament 
- cont after lig nu is done
- spin pros c7- sacrum
62
Q

what be thoracolumbar fascia

A
  • almost diamond ligament fascia on back
  • t9-sacrum
  • anchors = lat dorssi & erectors
63
Q

joints of spine and thorax

A
  • craniovertebral (head/neck)
  • intervertebral (vert-vert)
  • costovertebral (rib-spine)
  • sternocostal (rib-sternum)
64
Q

things about craniovertebral joint

A

atlantooccipital = c1 + occipital condyles
- nod yes + lat flex
- capsule of joint
atlantoaxial = c1+c2
- inf/sup facets c1&c2 + medial facet & dens = no pivot
- pivot joint
- capsule of joint

65
Q

intervertebral joints structures and ligs

A
  • intervertebral disc
  • weak interspinous ligament (-|- spin pros)
  • strong supraspinous ligament (on top/overlay spin pros)
    • above = nuchea ligamentum
  • ant/pos longitudinal lig
  • ligamentum flavum (-|- ant aspect of spin pro_
    • gets thicker from C-T-L
      • decrea injury risk
66
Q

costovertebral joint ligaments

A
  • lateral costotransverse ligament = connect rib tubercle to vert via trans pros; increa ant/pos strength
  • superior costotransverse ligament = connect rib to trans pro above
  • costotransverse ligament = connect neck of rib tp trans pro
67
Q

movement of thoracic vert vs lumbar vert

A 
t = rotation
l = flex/lat
68
Q

how do ribs move while breathing (anology)

A

like a bucket handle

69
Q

muscles for quiet/invol expiration

A

relaxation of diaphragm & external intercostals
(elastic recoil of thoracic wall, lungs, & bronchi)
(gravity)
(internal intercostals)

70
Q

muscles for forced/vol expiration

A 
internal intercostals (biggest boy)
(-rectus abdominis)
(-external & internal obliques)
(- quadratus lumborum)
(- transvers abdominis)
(-serratus posterior inferior)
71
Q

muscle for quiet/invol inspiration

A

diaphragm

external intercostals

72
Q

muscles for deep (invol) inspiration

A

muscles of quiet inhale +

  • sternocleidomastoid
  • scalenes
  • pectoralis major
  • levator costarum
  • serratus posterior superior
73
Q

muscles for forced/vol inspiration

A

muscles for quiet + deep inhale +

  • levator scapula
  • upper trap
  • rhomboids
  • pec minor
74
Q

which trunk muscles are used most when walking

A

erectors and abdominals

some extensors

75
Q

rib 1-6 sternocostal joint ligs + structural sitch

A

rib 1 = on manubrium
- costoclavicular ligament = rib 1 to clavicle
- interclavicular ligament = clavicle to manubrium to clavicle
- articular disc = -|- clav & manubrium
rib 2 = on manubrium-sternal body junction
rib 1-6 = on sternal body
- costal cartilages
- radiate ligaments = costal cartilages to sternal body (sternocostal joint location)
- articular cavities = cav at stern & cart junction

76
Q

rib 7-10 sternocostal joint ligs + structural sitch

A

rib 7-10 = on xiphoid via conjoined cartilage

  • (still costal cartilages)
  • costoxiphoid ligament = rib cartilage to xiphoid process
77
Q

dislocated vs separated rib

A
  • dislocated rib = dislocation of specifically the sternocostal joint
  • separated rib = separation of cartilage

Functional Anatomy (KINE 3P98) (4 decks)

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