Module 3 - Respiratory System Flashcards
greater in the alveoli than pulmonary capillary blood
PO2 Partial Pressure Oxygen
Presence of Hgb in the RBC allows blood to
transport 30 to 100 times as much O2
firstly occurs when 2% of the blood has passed from the aorta through the bronchial circulation which supplies mainly the deep tissues of the lungs and is not exposed to lung air
Shunt flow
when shunt blood combines in the pulmonary veins with the oxygenated blood from the alveolar capillaries
Venous Admixture of Blood
Normal Intracellular PO2 pressure
5 mmHg - 40 mmHg
oxygen-rich hemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobin
oxygen-poor hemoglobin
Deoxyhemoglobin
two types of respiration
pulmonary and cellular respiration
involves gaseous exchange between alveoli the blood
pulmonary respiration
involves gaseous exchange between the interstitial fluid (in the tissues) and the blood
cellular respiration
two phases of respiration
inhalation/inspiration
exhalation/expiration
failure of alveoli to open
atelectasis
The loss of dissolved CO2 in the plasma (decreased PCO2) is
followed by the loss of Carbon Dioxide in the ____________.
red blood cell
Anatomic dead space areas; examples
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
Physiologic dead space areas example
damaged alveoli
2 types of breathing
abdominal breathing
costal breathing
the diaphragm moves, usually seen in a normal quiet type of respiration.
abdominal breathing
the thorax moves, usually seen associated with painful respiration
costal breathing
this occurs due to highly regular alternating activation of the diaphragm and intrinsic laryngeal muscles at a frequency of 25 times per second during inspiration and expiration
purring
difficulty in breathing
dyspnea
temporary cessation of breathing
apnea
rapid, shallow, panting type of breathing
polypnea
the rate and depth of breathing is increased
hyperpnea
is a bluish condition or purplish coloration of the skin and mucous membrane
cyanosis
is a condition of hypoxia combined with hypercapnia
asphyxia
is an acute inflammation of the lung that occurs in all species due to various reasons. It is characterized by the distended capillaries and alveoli which become filled with serous fluid (later mixed with erythrocytes, leukocytes and fibrin).
pneumonia
a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness
emphysema
abnormal respiratory cycles.
Periodic breathing is called Grouped breathing. The cycles sometimes occur in rapid succession (in pairs, triplets, or quadruplets), and are followed by varying intervals of apnea (observed in animals anesthetized with pentobarbital)
periodic breathing
is characterized by successive occurrence of respiratory cycles in a waxing and waning patter (due to a delay in the perfusion of the lungs with blood to the subsequent arrival of the blood to the brain).
cheyne/strokes breathing
displacement of O2 from Hgb due to increased CO2 concentration
Bohr Effect
percentage of carbaminohemoglobin
23%
bicarbonate percentage
70%
where do bicarbonate ions move wherein a transport protein facilities the exchange of chloride ions from the plasma into the RBCs and HCO3- from the inside to the outside(plasma)
Chloride shift mechanism
the molecules of O2 will dissociate from hemoglobin due to _______ and _________
high concentration of CO2 (PCO2)
increase in hydrogen ions (H+)
what are the 3 major divisions of respiratory centers
dorsal respiratory group
ventral respiratory group
pneumotaxic center
what are the 2 main neurotransmitters
dopamine and acetylcholine
other name for tertiary bronchi
mesobronchi
2 types of chemoreceptors
peripheral chemoreceptors
central chemoreceptors
