Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHYSIO102A > Module 1 - Mammalian Urinary System > Flashcards

Module 1 - Mammalian Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Functional unit of the kidneys

A

Nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The following are functions of the urinary system

A. Balances the water and electrolyte components of the body
B. Helps in production of glucose
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above

A

C. Both A and B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Two parts of nephron

A

Glomerulus and Long Tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Other name for Long tubules

A

Renal Tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It is responsible for Reabsorption and Secretion processes

A

Long tubules (renal tubules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Responsible for filtration

A

Glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Glomerulus are made up of _________

A

Glomerular capillaries (tuft)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Kidney capillary pores are described as ______

A

Fenestrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Two groups of capillaries in the kidney

A

Glomerular and Peritubular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This group of capillary in the kidney is also known as high pressure capillary bed

A

Glomerular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This group of capillary in the kidney operates under low pressure

A

Peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Flow of process of the urine

A. Reabsorption, Filtration, Secretion, Excretion
B. Secretion, Filtration, Reabsorption, Excretion
C. Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion, Excretion
D. Filtration, Secretion, Reabsorption, Excretion

A

C. Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion, Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Efferent arteriole leads to what group of capillaries

A

Peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

First stage in the formation of urine

A

Glomerular Filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Product of glomerular filtration

A

glomerular filtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

GFR of Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure

A

60 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

GFR of Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure

A

32 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

GFR of Bowman’s Capsule pressure

A

18 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

GFR of Bowman’s Capsule Osmotic Pressure

A

10 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

It supplies blood to the kidneys

A

Renal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

These are the extensions of peritubular capillaries

A

Vasa recta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Two types of mechanism

A

Afferent arteriolar mechanism
Efferent arteriolar mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The arterioles can constrict due to the stimulation of _______ , thus decreases the blood flow and the GFR

A

Sympathetic nerve fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sympathetic nerve fiber activity is triggered by a vasoconstrictor substance called

A

Angiotensin II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Are present in the walls of afferent and efferent arterioles

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Its cells are in the initial portion of distal tubules, but come in contact with the cells of afferent and efferent arterioles

A

Macula Densa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Juxtaglomerular complex is stimulated by _________

A. Increase HCO3- in the Macula Densa
B. Increase NaCl in the Macula Densa
C. Decrease HCO3- in the Macula Densa
D. Decrease NaCl in the Macula Densa
E. Decrease K

A

D. Decrease NaCl in the Macula Densa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Decreased NaCl in the macula densa causes the dilation of ____________

A. Dilation of Afferent arteriole
B. Dilation of Efferent arteriole
C. Both A and B

A

C. Both A and B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The dilation causes the release of _______

30
Q

When dilation occurs, it causes to release Renin which then acts on ________

A

Angiotensinogen to form Angiotensin I

31
Q

A potent vasoconstrictor causes ________ and ________

A. Constriction : Afferent arteriolar resistance
B. Constriction : Efferent resistance
C. Dilation : Afferent arteriolar resistance
D. Dilation : Efferent resistance
E. Constriction : Afferent and Efferent Resistance
F. Dilation : Afferent and Efferent Resistance

A

E. Constriction : Afferent and Efferent Resistance

32
Q

True or False: Angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone secretion from the adrenal glands

33
Q

True or False: Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles

A

False, it should be efferent arterioles

34
Q

Angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone secretion from the adrenal glands, which in turn, cause an increase __________ reabsorption from the renal tubules.

A

Sodium NaCl

35
Q

Give at least 3 substances that cannot/should not be seen in urine

A

protein, glucose, amino acid, vitamins
aceto/acetate ions

36
Q

Glucose in the urine is a sign of

37
Q

term for Formation of glucose

A

Gluconeogenesis

38
Q

It is also known as the terminal part

A

Renal pelvis

39
Q

Increase of sodium concentration in the ECF is due to ____________

A

Increase in sodium retention

40
Q

An increase in sodium retention increases the sodium concentration in the ECF, leading to an ____________

A

Increase in osmolality of the blood

41
Q

Increase in osmolality of the blood also means that there is an _________

A

ECF water deficit

42
Q

6 classes of urine

A

Diluted, Non diluted, hypertonic, hypotonic, acidic, alkaline

43
Q

It is an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) which favors the reabsorption of more water in the tubules of the nephron

A

Vasopressin

44
Q

Intracellular dehydration can send stimulus to posterior pituitary gland to release ________

A

Vasopressin

45
Q

Parts of mammalian renal tubules

A

Proximal (convoluted) tubule
Loop of henle (descending and ascending)
Distal tubule (early and late)
Cortical collecting tubule
Medullary collecting duct
Renal pelvis

46
Q

Shape of mammalian kidney

A

bean shaped

47
Q

Location of mammalian kidney

A

Bilaterally located in the retro peritoneal cavity

48
Q

Is the osmolar concentration expressed as osmoles per liter of solution

A

Osmolarity

49
Q

The reason why there is reabsorption of water from distal tubule

A

Antidiuretic hormone

50
Q

reabsorbs sodium from the lumen and secrete potassium ions into the lumen

A

principal cells

51
Q

reabsorbs potassium ions and bicarbonate ions from the lumen and secrete hydrogen ions into the lumen

A

intercalated cells

52
Q

released when there is increase osmolality of the plasma

A

Vasopressin

53
Q

solves the increase of salt concentration

A

renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS)

54
Q

Aldosterone reabsorbs _______ and secretes ______

A

NaCl & H20 : K

55
Q

Normal composition of ECF

I. Less amount of Sodium, Chloride, Bicarbonate
II. Large amount of Potassium, Magnesium, Phosphate
III. Large amount of Sodium, Chloride, Bicarbonate
IV. Less amount of Potassium, Magnesium, Phosphate

A. Both I and II
B. Both III and I
C. Both III and IV

A

C. Both III and IV

56
Q

What is the NEXT process when substances are to be excreted out of renal pelvis as part of urine components into the ureter

A

Temporarily stores in urinary bladder

57
Q

What do you call this process where substances from the lumen move out to the ECF thru diffusion or active transport processes

A

Reabsorption

58
Q

Contains high salt, less water

A

Hypertonic urine

59
Q

Contains less salt but high in water

A

Hypotonic urine

60
Q

More solutes, less solvent

A

Concentrated urine

61
Q

More water, less solutes

A

Diluted urine

62
Q

more hydrogen ions, less bicarbonate ions

A

acidic urine

63
Q

When Hypo/Hypertonic urine is stimulated by the alteration of salt content in the e plasma which eventually passes through the distal tubule to affect the JG complex, it causes _______________

A

activation or inhibition of renin-angiotensin II mechanism

64
Q

The one that stimulates the release of aldosterone by the adrenal glands

A

Angiotensin II

65
Q

Animal with transparency urine

66
Q

Urea is formed by what organ

67
Q

Urea is formed by the liver from ammonia which is produced during __________________

A

amino acid metabolism

68
Q

type of urine of herbivorous animals

A

alkaline/basic

69
Q

characteristic of urethral canal of oxens

A

directed toward the ground

70
Q

A surgical procedure to remove a part of kidney

A

Nephrectomy

PHYSIO102A (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions