Module 3- Reproduction and Breeding

Question 1

it is the process of getting genetic material from the male to genetic material from the female through the union of sperm and egg cells.

Answer 1

reproduction

Question 2

several factors contributing to poor reproductive performance include;

Answer 2

• reproductive anatomy
• long time period before an embryo can safely implant in the uterus
• variable hormonal system synchronizing the whole process

Question 3

is an outpouching of the skin, divided into two scrotal sacs by a septum.

Answer 3

scrotum

Question 4

the process of ejaculation consists of three parts;

Answer 4

erection, emission, and ejaculation

Question 5

is stimulated by teasing the stallion. the penis lengthens and stiffens through engorgement with blood.

Answer 5

erection

Question 6

during this process, semen, which contains spermatozoa and fluid from the cauda epididymis plus fluids from the accessory glands, arrive in the pelvic urethra.

Answer 6

emission

Question 7

during this process, the semen is expelled through the urethra.

Answer 7

ejaculation

Question 8

hormones that involved in hormonal control of stallion reproduction.

Answer 8

FSH, LH and testosterone

Question 9

sperm output and sperm production is influenced by;

Answer 9

1. Season
2. Testicular Size
3. Age
4. Frequency of ejaculation

Question 10

has a small uterine body with two long, narrow uterine horns.

Answer 10

uterus

Question 11

is attached to the endometrial lining of the uterus by innumerable tiny villi that project into the lining

Answer 11

placenta

Question 12

Physiology of Reproduction

Answer 12

• mating process
• sperm production
• hormones of reproduction
• hormonal cycles
• breeding habits
• fertilization
• sterility

Question 13

estrous cycles will start in a mare at puberty, which is usually between the age of?

Answer 13

15 to 24 months

Question 14

estrous cycles will start in a mare at puberty, which is usually between the age of?

Answer 14

15 to 24 months

Question 15

the luteal phase, the behavioural pattern is that of sexual rejection of the stallion .

Answer 15

diestrus

Question 16

during this phase, the mare will switch her tail, pin her ears back, kick and move away from the stallion when she is teased.

Answer 16

diestrus

Question 17

where fertilization will take place.

Answer 17

oviduct (uterine horn)

Question 18

it is viable for 8-12 hours.

Answer 18

ovum

Question 19

it can live for 24-48 hours (sometimes for several days) inside the mare’s reproductive tract.

Answer 19

spermatozoa

Question 20

from ovulation to parturition, what are the average length of gestation

Answer 20

335 days, plus or minus 2 to 4 weeks

Question 21

is the premature termination of pregnancy before 300 days of gestation

Answer 21

abortion

Question 22

after that time (when a foal may be born alive) is considered stillbirth.

Answer 22

termination

Question 23

considerations for breeding include;

Answer 23

1. Appearance
2. Pedigree
3. Hereditary Disorders
4. Disposition
5. Conformation
6. Performance

Question 24

Factors that relate to the mare’s reproductive potential are:

Answer 24

1. Age
2. Previous athletic use
3. breed
4. general health
5. status
6. nutrition
7. past breeding records

Question 25

two methods used when breeding horses are;

Answer 25

pasture mating and hand mating

Question 26

reduces labor, affords convenience to the owner “catches” shy breeding mares, and creates an opportunity for a high settling percentage.

Answer 26

pasture mating

Question 27

it is practiced under wide variety of conditions, ranging from rather casual selection of mares and sanitation conditions to operations that are highly supervised with a veterinarian in attendance.

Answer 27

hand mating