Module 3- Reproduction and Breeding Flashcards
it is the process of getting genetic material from the male to genetic material from the female through the union of sperm and egg cells.
reproduction
several factors contributing to poor reproductive performance include;
- reproductive anatomy
- long time period before an embryo can safely implant in the uterus
- variable hormonal system synchronizing the whole process
is an outpouching of the skin, divided into two scrotal sacs by a septum.
scrotum
the process of ejaculation consists of three parts;
erection, emission, and ejaculation
is stimulated by teasing the stallion. the penis lengthens and stiffens through engorgement with blood.
erection
during this process, semen, which contains spermatozoa and fluid from the cauda epididymis plus fluids from the accessory glands, arrive in the pelvic urethra.
emission
during this process, the semen is expelled through the urethra.
ejaculation
hormones that involved in hormonal control of stallion reproduction.
FSH, LH and testosterone
sperm output and sperm production is influenced by;
- Season
- Testicular Size
- Age
- Frequency of ejaculation
has a small uterine body with two long, narrow uterine horns.
uterus
is attached to the endometrial lining of the uterus by innumerable tiny villi that project into the lining
placenta
Physiology of Reproduction
- mating process
- sperm production
- hormones of reproduction
- hormonal cycles
- breeding habits
- fertilization
- sterility
estrous cycles will start in a mare at puberty, which is usually between the age of?
15 to 24 months
estrous cycles will start in a mare at puberty, which is usually between the age of?
15 to 24 months
the luteal phase, the behavioural pattern is that of sexual rejection of the stallion .
diestrus
during this phase, the mare will switch her tail, pin her ears back, kick and move away from the stallion when she is teased.
diestrus
where fertilization will take place.
oviduct (uterine horn)
it is viable for 8-12 hours.
ovum
it can live for 24-48 hours (sometimes for several days) inside the mare’s reproductive tract.
spermatozoa
from ovulation to parturition, what are the average length of gestation
335 days, plus or minus 2 to 4 weeks
is the premature termination of pregnancy before 300 days of gestation
abortion
after that time (when a foal may be born alive) is considered stillbirth.
termination
considerations for breeding include;
- Appearance
- Pedigree
- Hereditary Disorders
- Disposition
- Conformation
- Performance
Factors that relate to the mare’s reproductive potential are:
- Age
- Previous athletic use
- breed
- general health
- status
- nutrition
- past breeding records
two methods used when breeding horses are;
pasture mating and hand mating
reduces labor, affords convenience to the owner “catches” shy breeding mares, and creates an opportunity for a high settling percentage.
pasture mating
it is practiced under wide variety of conditions, ranging from rather casual selection of mares and sanitation conditions to operations that are highly supervised with a veterinarian in attendance.
hand mating
