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N232 > Module 3: Pain > Flashcards

Module 3: Pain Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 different types of pain?

A
  1. acute pain
  2. procedural pain
  3. chronic pain
  4. cancer
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2
Q

what is an example of acute pain?

A

falling downstairs and breaking leg

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3
Q

what is an example of chronic pain?

A

arthritis - starts as acute, and progresses d/t not healing

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4
Q

what is an example of procedural pain?

A

getting appendix removed

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5
Q

what is cancer pain?

A

can be chronic pain, but is it own category

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6
Q

what are 7 factors that influence the pain response?

A
  • past experience
  • anxiety or depression
  • age
  • gender
  • genetics
  • expectations
  • culture
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7
Q

what assessment can you do to see if the patient DENIES pain?

A

ask them to take a deep breath in and cough

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8
Q

how do you assess pain?

A
  • OPQRSTUV
  • ask if they have pain OR discomfort
  • any associated symptoms with pain?
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9
Q

how do you assess pain on patients with disabilities?

A

look for visual assessment

  • tense face
  • guard
  • sweating pale
  • high bp
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10
Q

what is an example of a nursing diagnosis for a patient that claims they have a headache that is dull in nature and it’s a 3/10?

A
  • 3/10 dull pain r/t headache
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11
Q

what is the plan for patients with pain?

A
  • pain relief
  • pain reduction
  • pain management
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12
Q

what are 6 examples of non-pharmacological interventions?

A
  • acupuncture
  • massage
  • heat
  • cold
  • meditation
  • relaxation therapy
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13
Q

what is acute pain commonly associated with?

A

injury

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14
Q

what has occured with patients experience acute pain?

A

damage/injury

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15
Q

when does acute pain usually decrease?

A

as healing occurs

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16
Q

after what amount of time is acute pain considered chronic?

A

3 weeks

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17
Q

what is procedural pain?

A

brief, intense pain that arises from diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventative procedures

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18
Q

how long does procedural pain typically last?

A

seconds to hours

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19
Q

what is the most common cause of procedural pain?

A

parenteral drug administration

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20
Q

what is chronic pain?

A

constant or intermittent pain that persists beyond the expected healing

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21
Q

what do we know about the onset of chronic pain?

A

it is poorly defined

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22
Q

why is chronic pain often difficult to treat?

A

the origin may be unclear

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23
Q

what are the 3 main categories of chronic pain?

A
  1. chronic nociceptive
  2. neuropathic pain
  3. mixed pain
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24
Q

what is the definition of chronic nociceptive pain?

A

arises from constant stimulation of pain receptors and signals tissue damage in the skin, bone, joints, or viscera

25
Q

what is the quality of chronic nociceptive pain?

A

throbbing, aching

26
Q

what is the definition of neuropathic pain?

A

triggered by nerve damage or malfunction of peripheral and nervous systems resulting in abnormal signaling

27
Q

what is an example of neuropathic pain?

A

diabetic neuropathy

28
Q

what is the definition of mixed pain?

A

both nociceptive and neuropathic

29
Q

what is an example of mixed pain?

A

migraines

30
Q

is cancer pain acute or chronic?

A

can be both

31
Q

what causes cancer pain? (3)

A
  1. the cancer itself - damages nerves from cell proliferation
  2. result of treatment - eg. radiation
  3. post-surgical pain
32
Q

what is cancer pain most commonly caused by?

A

tumors

33
Q

what are the adverse effects of pain?

A

can be physiological psychological, or socioeconomic in nature as a result of pain

34
Q

what systems can acute pain affect?

A

pulmonary, cardiovascular, GI, endocrine, and immune systems

35
Q

what are the adverse effects of procedural pain?

A

long-lasting physiologic and psychological effects

36
Q

what might procedural pain lead to?

A

anxiety, pain, and fear that may lead to avoidance of the procedure

37
Q

what are the effects of chronic pain on the body?

A

suppression of the immune system with chronic pain may promote tumor growth

38
Q

what can chronic pain result in?

A

depression, disability, lower quality of life

39
Q

briefly explain the pathophysiology of pain

A
  1. sensory experience of pain depends on the interaction between the nervous system and the environment
  2. noxious stimuli and the resulting of pain involve the peripheral and central nervous systems
40
Q

what is the definition of nociception?

A

neurologic transmission of pain

41
Q

what is the definition of nociceptors?

A

neuronal receptors involved in the transmission of pain perception and from the brain that respond to biochemical mediators or noxious stimuli

42
Q

how can factors influence the pain response?

A

these may increase or decrease pain, tolerance of pain, and affect responses to pain

43
Q

how can past experiences affect pain?

A

the more painful experiences people have, the more fearful they will be
- especially if pain was poorly managed in the past

44
Q

what is a physiologic effect of pain in the older adult?

A

experience loss of myelination

therefore the perception of pain is diminished

45
Q

what is the percentage of seniors that report chronic pain?

A

25-50%

46
Q

can analgesics be used on older adults?

A

yes, small amounts

47
Q

why are older adults less likely to report pain?

A

they fear addiction

48
Q

what is usually the cause of confusion for the older adult following a procedure or surgery?

A

medication

49
Q

what is important to remember about pain when assessing it?

A

it is highly subjective

50
Q

what does pain management in acutely ill patients entail?

A

determining what level of pain relief the acutely ill patient believes is necessary to recover quickly or improve function

51
Q

what does pain management in a chronically ill patient entail?

A

the level of relief the patient requires to be comfortable

52
Q

what types of instruments can be used to measure pain?

A
  • visual analogue scales
  • faces pain scale
  • pain assessment number scale (0-10)
53
Q

what is included in a complete pain assessment? (5)

A

identify goals of pain management, provide patient with teaching, perform physical care, help relieve pain both pharm and non-pharm, monitor adverse side effects

54
Q

what are two goals associated with pain management?

A
  1. complete elimination of pain

2. may decrease the intensity, frequency, and negative effects

55
Q

what are 3 factors that effect determining a goal?

A
  1. severity of pain
  2. anticipated harmful effect
  3. anticipated duration of the pain
56
Q

what kind of physical care can be done for patients experiencing pain?

A

should make patient feel refreshed

- appropriate and gentle touch may helpful for patients experiencing pain

57
Q

what are two nursing interventions for patients dealing with anxiety?

A
  • teaching the patient about the nature of the impeding painful experience and ways to reduce pain often helps dec. anxiety
  • anxious person may be less tolerant to pain which may inc. the anxiety level
58
Q

what is the goal of pain management strategies?

A

reducing pain to a “tolerable level” is a common goal

N232 (9 decks)

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