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N232 > Diabetes Part 2 > Flashcards

Diabetes Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are higher risk populations in Canada for diabetes?

A

Canadians of HIspanic, Asian, South Asian, or African

  • also Aboriginals
  • pregnant women
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2
Q

what is type 1 diabetes?

A

body’s own immune system attacks cells in the pancreas that produces insulin

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3
Q

what is type 2 diabetes?

A

the pancreas does not produce enough insulin and/or the body’s tissues do not respond to the action of glucose

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4
Q

what is type 2 diabetes caused by?

A

genetic and environmental factos

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5
Q

what is gestational diabetes?

A

diabetes with first onset or recognition during pregnancy

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6
Q

what does gestational diabetes put the women at higher risk for later in life?

A

type 2 diabetes

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7
Q

6 reasons DM is more prominent in older adults?

A
  • changed in carb metb
  • poor diet
  • dec. activity
  • dec. lean body mass
  • altered insulin secretion
  • inc. fat tissue
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8
Q

what impacts did hunger have on indigenous peoples for diabetes?

A

starvation altered pituitary and stress response - inhibits growth factor and changes their lipid metabolism

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9
Q

what are non-modifiable risk factors of DM?

A
  • aging
  • race
  • genetics
  • gender
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10
Q

what are modifiable risk factors of DM?

A
  • HTN
  • elevated lipids
  • diet
  • obesity
  • physical inactivity
  • chronic inflm
  • alcohol/smoking
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11
Q

what are some other complications of DM?

A
  • digestive problems
  • thyroid problems
  • sexual dysfx
  • UTI and vaginal infection
  • carpel tunnel syndrome
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12
Q

what are the 3 mnfts of hyperG?

A
  • polyuria (excessive urination)
  • polyphagia (inc. hunger)
  • polydispsia (inc. thirst)
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13
Q

what is considered hypoG according to VIHA?

A

3.9mmol/L and below!

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14
Q

what are 5 errors that can occur when self-monitoring BG levels?

A
  • blood amount too small
  • improper maintenance of machine
  • damage to monitor strips
  • if strips get wet
  • teaching and eval critical
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15
Q

what is the fasting glucose test?

A

to measure the amount of glucose in blood after no caloric intake

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16
Q

what is the glucose tolerance test?

A

done after FBG

  • the patient drinks a standard solution of glucose to challenge his/her system
  • other BG taken at other intervals
17
Q

when will there be ketones in the urine?

A

when no effective insulin is available

- body breaks down stored fat for energy, ketones are the product

18
Q

what can ketones in the blood and urine cause?

A

diabetic ketoacidosis

19
Q

what different meds are usually needed by patients with DM

A
  • those to lower BG
  • lower cholesterol
  • lower BP
  • general vascular protection (ASA)
20
Q

what are 2 subcut delivery methods for insulin?

A
  • inject subcut
  • pen
  • pump
21
Q

what is the action of metformin (biguanides)?

A
  • dec. the hepatic glucose production
  • decreases intestinal glucose absorption
  • inc. insulin sensitivity
22
Q

who do you not want to give metformin to?

A

those with renal impairment, liver failure, HF, MI or stroke

23
Q

what do you need to monitor when giving metformin?

A

creatinine

24
Q

what are acceptable creatinine levels for men and women?

A

men: >133

women >112

25
Q

what is the action of glypizide (sulfonylureas)?

A
  • stimulates the pancreas to secrete insulin
26
Q

when will glypizide not be helpful?

A

when the pancreas does not function

27
Q

what might glypizide do to hepatic insulin metabolism?

A

decrease it

28
Q

what are adverse effects of glypizide?

A
  • hypoG
  • mild nausea
  • diarrhea, constipation
  • dizzniess, drowsiness
  • skin rash, redness, or itching
29
Q

why are foods high in starch, protein, and fat good for glycemic index control?

A

slows absorption and lower glycemic response

30
Q

what are whole fruits (not juices) good for glycemic control?

A

decreases glycemic responses as fibre slows absorption

31
Q

what do you need to make sure your patient with DM knows about their condition?

A

HOW TO:

  • test own BG
  • give insulin
  • identify low BG
  • treat low BG
  • follow prescribed protocol a home
  • know who their support is

N232 (9 decks)

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