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N232 > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

1
Q

what is the classification of asprin (ASA)?

A

NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)

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2
Q

what is the safe dose, route, and frequency of ASA?

A
  • PO
  • dosage preventing cardiovascular events should be low
  • chronic therapy: 81mg/day
  • higher dose: 325mg/day (initial dose)
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3
Q

what is the mechanism of action of ASA?

A

suppresses platelet aggregation by causing irreversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase –> blocks synthesis of TXA

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4
Q

what are the therapeutic uses for ASA?

A

ischemic stroke, TIAs, chronic stable angina, unstable angina, coronary stenting, acute MI, previous MI, primary prevention of MI

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5
Q

what are the common SE of ASA?

A

risk of GI bleeding, hemorrhagic stroke

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6
Q

what are the nursing considerations for ASA?

A
  • Pre and Post checks: allergies, pain, children under 19 should not take post viral infections
  • Teaching: give with full glass of water/food, do not give enteric coated with milk
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7
Q

what is the classification of acetaminophen?

A

anti-pyretic, non-narcotic analgesic

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8
Q

what routes can acetaminophen be given?

A

tablets, suppositories, and liquid form

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9
Q

what is the action of acetaminophen?

A

reduces prostaglandin synthesis

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10
Q

what is the indication of acetaminophen?

A

treatment of mild pain and fever (DOES NOT treat inflammation)

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11
Q

what pharmacological considerations do we need to know about acetaminophen?

A
  • rapid onset
  • peak = 0.5-2 hours
  • duration 3-4 hours
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12
Q

what are SE of acetaminophen?

A

too much can result in liver damage (jaundice, liver function test will tell condition)

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13
Q

what are nursing considerations for acetaminophen?

A
  • allergies, pain
  • DO NOT exceed 4g/day
  • teaching: check other OTC medications for presence of acetaminophen like T3s and tramadol
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14
Q

what is the classification is cefazolin?

A

anti-infective

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15
Q

how is cefazolin administered?

A

IV and IM

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16
Q

what is the safe dose range of cefazolin?

A

in adults: every 6-8 hours (2-12g/kg)

- in children 80-160mg/kg

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17
Q

what is the action of cefazolin?

A

agents bind to penecilin-binfing proteins and thereby disrupt cell wall synthesis and activate autolysins

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18
Q

what is the therapeutic use of cefazolin?

A

Used to treat a broad spectrum of bacterial infections and commonly prescribed to people with mild penicillin allergies

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19
Q

pharmacological considerations of cefazolin?

A

Half-life for people with normal renal function: 1.5-2.2 hr

People with severe renal impairment: 24-50 hours

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20
Q

what are some possible SE of cefazolin?

A

one of the safest groups of antimicrobial drugs, however, allergic reactions, bleeding, thrombophlebitis, hemolytic anemia, and other adverse effects may occur in rare cases

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21
Q

pre-assessment of cefazolin?

A

need to determine therapeutic goal, baseline data, and identify high-risk patients to ensure drug will be safe and effective

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22
Q

ongoing interventions and evaluations of cefazolin?

A

monitor for indications of antimicrobial effects (eg reduction of fever, pain, inflammation, and improved appetite or sense of wellbeing

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23
Q

what do nurses need to advise patients to do while taking cefazolin?

A

report any signs of allergy, and advise patients to not drink alcohol while taking this medication .

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24
Q

what classification is fentanyl?

A

opioid antagonist

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25
Q

what is the common route of fentanyl?

A

transdermal

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26
Q

what is the action of fentanyl?

A

Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS. Alters the reception of and response to painful stimuli while producing generalized CNS depression

27
Q

what is the indication of fentanyl?

A

moderate to severe chronic pain requiring 24/7 opioid Tx

28
Q

what are some SE of fentanyl?

A

respiratory depression, constipation

29
Q

what are nursing interventions for fentanyl?

A

Pre-post checks: allergies, pain assessment, resp rate, BP

30
Q

what classification is ibuprofen?

A

NSAID, antipyretic

31
Q

what is the safe dose of ibuprofen?

A

200-400mg

32
Q

what are common forms of ibuprofen?

A

suppositories, enteric coated tablets

33
Q

what is the action of ibuprofen?

A

Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, decreases platelet aggregation

34
Q

what are the indications of ibuprofen?

A

inflammatory disorders, mild to moderate pain, fever, prophylaxis of TIA and MI

35
Q

what are SE of ibuprofen?

A

nausea, tinnitus, GI bleeding

36
Q

what are some nursing interventions and teaching for ibuprofen?

A
  • Allergies, pain assessment, Hx of GI bleeds, renal insufficiency
  • Teaching: give with full glass of water, food avoid ETOH
37
Q

what is the classification of morphine?

A

opioid analgesic

38
Q

what are the common forms of morphine?

A

tablets, capsules, parenteral, suppositories, ER forms

39
Q

what is the action of morphine?

A

Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS

Alters the perception of and response to painful stimuli while producing generalized CNS depression

40
Q

Pharm of morphine?

A

Rapid onset, lasts 7 hours

41
Q

what are some SE of morphine?

A

respiratory depression, constipation

42
Q

what are nursing implications of morphine?

A

Pre-post checks: allergies, pain assessment, resp rate, BP

43
Q

what is the class of naloxone?

A

opioid antagonist

44
Q

what route(s) is naloxone given?

A

cannot be taken PO (first-pass effect)

- IV, IM, or subQ

45
Q

what is the action of naloxone?

A

Acts as competitive antagonist at opioid receptors, thereby blocking opioid actions

46
Q

what is the onset for IV of naloxone?

A

immediate

47
Q

what is the onset of IM/subQ naloxone?

A

2-5 min onset

48
Q

what is the half-life of naloxone?

A

2 hours

49
Q

what is the classification of vancomyosin?

A

glycopeptide antibiotic

50
Q

what is the IV dosing for vancomyosin?

A

intermittent infusion over 60 minutes or longer. 15-20 mg/kg every 8-12 hours. A loading dose of 25-30 mg/kg may be used.

51
Q

what is the oral dosing for vancomyosin?

A

125 mg PO 4x/day for 10-14 days

52
Q

what is the rectal dosing for vancomyosin?

A

500mg in 100 mL of normal saline every 6 hours, using a retention enema

53
Q

what is the action of vancomyosin?

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to molecules that serve as precursors for cell wall biosynthesis, and thereby promotes bacterial lysis and death.

54
Q

what is the indication of vancomyosin?

A

Prescribed as an antibiotic to treat serious infections caused by MRSA or staph with susceptible organisms in patients allergic to penicillin.

55
Q

what are some possible SE of vancomyosin?

A

The major toxicity is renal failure

  • red man syndrome (flushing, rash, pruritus, urticaria, tachycardia, hypotension),
  • thrombophlebitis, and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
56
Q

what are pre assessments for vancomyosin?

A

need to determine therapeutic goal, baseline data, and identify high-risk patients to ensure drug will be safe and effective.

57
Q

what is an ongoing evaluation and intervention for vancomyosin?

A

monitor for indications of antimicrobial effects (eg reduction of fever, pain, inflammation, and improved appetite or sense of wellbeing. Decreased diarrhea in patients with CDI)
Instruct

58
Q

what do nurses need to instruct patients to complete on vancomyosin?

A

entire prescribed course of therapy even if symptoms subside before round is over.

59
Q

what is the classification of hydromorphone?

A

synthetic opioid

60
Q

what is the indication of hydromorphone?

A

chronic moderate-severe pain

61
Q

what is the onset of hydromorphone?

A

12-24 hours

62
Q

what is the peak of hydromorphone?

A

48-72 hours

63
Q

what is the duration of hydromorphone?

A

13-40 hours

64
Q

what are contraindications of hydromorphone?

A

6-12 hours to reach steady state

N232 (9 decks)

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