Module 3 PAEDS Flashcards
At birth the spine column is at _____% of total body height.
How many years approximately does it grow in 1st year?
Then 1-5years
5-10 years
10-18 years
At birth the spinal column is 40% of total body height
1st year increased 12cm
Year 1-5 increases 15cm
5-10 years increases 10cm
10-18yrs increases 18cm boys and 15cm girls
By end of adolescent period the spine would have grown by 70cm
At 6 months of age the median Atlanta-dens interval was
____for Boyd and ____for girls
By 180 months it reaches ____for both boys and girls
1.97 boys
2.01 girls
By 180 months- 2.45mm for boys and girls
An ADI of 3mm or more can suggest instability
GROWTH OF THE CERVICAL SPINE
The cervical canal grows rapidly during 1st _____years of life, by which time it has reached nearly 95% of its mature diameter.
The growth of the second vertebrae was most rapid in the 1st ____years of life and became linear after that.
The cervical canal grows rapidly during 1st 3 years of life, by which time it has reached nearly 95% of its mature diameter.
The growth of the second vertebrae was most rapid in the 1st 5 years of life and became linear after that.
The increase up rge geight of the t3rd, 4th, 5th cervical vertebral bodies was linear from 6 months to maturity.
The vertebral bodies grow rapidly in first 5 years of life.
Paediatric sagitall alignment
Cervical lordosis decreases with age. The thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sacral inclination, sacral slope, and pelvis tilt increase with age.
List some of the factors in lateral curve development and posture?
Subluxations (neurological and mechanical effects)
In utero positioning
Prone (tummy time)
Muscle tone
Crawling and walking development
Trauma (eg vertebral fracture)
Developmental conditions (eg Scheurmanns disease)
Core muscle control
Emotion (posture can reflect emotions and posture affects curves and degeneration)
This is an exam Question. Know it
What can contribute to physiological hyper mobility
All of the below will improve with age.
- Ligament laxity
- Shallow and horizontal facet joints
- Underdeveloped SP’s ‘
- Physiological anterior wedging of the vertebral bodies
- Immature disc- annulus complex
- Greater elasticity of the joint capsule and ligaments
- Incomplete ossification of the odontoid process
- Relatively large head
- Immature NMS system
= predisposes to risk for subluxation and spinal injury.
Summarise all Occipital - Atlantal listing
Reference is foramen magnum
AS
Anterior Superior (AS)
Anterior Superior left superior
Anterior superior left inferior
Anterior Superior R superior
AS R inferior
Bilateral AS (often)
Posterior superior left superior
PS Left inferior
PS
EXAM question
Learn and know
AS Condyle Common effects
Breastfeeding difficulty
(Difficult attachment, arching fussiness)
Head preference/ plagiocephaly (head preference to other side)
Increase vomiting
Poor vomiting
Poor swallow, increased gagging
Unsettled behaviour (tendency to arch)
Reflux (GER) and regurgitation
Poor head control (pull to sit)
Hates nappy changes
Head tilt towards side of AS
Increased persistent Moro reflex
Increased head extension when prone
Others:
Arch of the breast
Hates car
Sympathetic dominant babies
Put blanket under baby to make more comfortable
EXAM question
Learn and know
PS Condyle Common effects
Increased tendency towards head held in flexion
Increased usually very pronounced dribbling
Head tilt away from side of PS
Difficult to clean or dry under chin
The Atlanta-axial articulation (C1/C2)
Reference is anterior tubercle of C1
Eg
AIL = anterior tubercle goes anterior inferior and shifts laterally to the left
AIRP = anterior tubercle goes anterior inferior, laterally shifts to the right and rotates posteriorly
See full listings page
What are the common effects of a C1 issue?
- Difficult breastfeeding
-on side of laterality
-typically shakes head - Unsettled behaviour
-The colicky infant - Head preference
-rotates towards side of posterior atlas - Poor sleep regulation
-sleep cycles
C1 affects brain stem
CO affects vagus nerve
