Module 3- Mental Disorders Flashcards
Mental disorders affect?
The thinking, moods and behaviour of the impacted person
What is the percentage if people who will experience mental disorder in their lifetime?
20% 1/5 (2002 survey)
Mental disorder can lead too?
Distress and/or impaired functioning
People with mental illnesses may appear? Does it affect the persons intelligence
Healthy and show no signs of illness
No it does not
Is there any direct or indirect causes of mental illness.
Not linked to any specific direct or indirect cause
What is mental illnesses associated with
Chemical imbalances in the body and brain
Mental illnesses has an origin in 3 distinct areas
Biological
Psychological
Social
Biological area (mental illness) associated with? Factors contributing to this?
Associated with chemical imbalances/disturbances in body/brain Factors: Faulty brain chemistry Viral infection Trauma at birth Prenatal damage
Psychological (mental illness) associated? Factors contributing to?
Associated with disturbances in thought/ emotion
Factors: child abuse, family violence, major changes in life, lack of supportive relationship, unemployment
Social (mental illness) associated with?
Stress and other life events
Is mental illnesses hereditary? Can someone inherit a tendency
No it is not hereditary but someone may inherit a tendency towards mental disorder
Stats state suicide is responsible for _________ of deaths of people between __________?
Almost 1/4 of deaths
15-24 years old
What is a reason that someone might have for committing suicide?
Person thinks that their life is no longer worth living
What mental illness symptoms can be seen in individuals who commit suicide?
Depression
What are common emotions felt in individuals who commit suicide
Hopelessness
Helplessness
Despair
What can lead to suicide
Other mental illnesses
Substance abuse
What are four types of suicide attempters?
Those who do not intend to die
Those who gamble
Those who intend to die but attempt is interrupted
Successful attempts
What is an indicator for those who do not intend to die (suicide)
Dramatic recurring gestures
Intended to deliver message about what is happening and they want something done about it
Not taken seriously, repeat in order to prove they are serious
What are indicators for individuals who gamble (suicide)
Leave results to chance
Reached point where they are willing to let fate/some other person determine their fate (suicide by cop)
What are indicators for those who’s suicide attempt is interrupted
Attempt made but insidiously or circumstance prevent attempt from being successful
What does suicide by cop mean
Refers to a phenomenon where individuals make threats where officers are obligated to use lethal force
What questions should you ask people who are suicidal?
- are you feeling like you want to kill yourself
- how would you do it
- when and where are you planning on doing it
- have you made some preparation
- have you tried to kill yourself before
- do you hear voices telling you to kill yourself
What are some tips for dealing with suicidal individuals
-talk directly about suicide, be open, be willing to listen and accept feelings, don’t lecture or be judgemental, show interest and support can be available, don’t dare them to do it, don’t act shocked, seek support, don’t vow secrecy, offer hope and a positive alternative, take action, remove weapons, involve support agencies
What is depression
Mood disorder associated with feelings like sadness, loss, worthlessness, disappointment and self-blame
A person experiencing depression might experience some of the following?
- feeling worthless, helpless/hopeless
- sleeping more/less then usual
- eating more/less then usual
- having difficulties concentrating/making decisions
- loss of interest in taking part of activities
- decreased sex drive
What is postpartum depression? Causes?
Depression happening following the birth if a child
Caused by hormonal changes in mothers body and stress if caring for newborn. Lack of sleep, additional demands for energy, limited time for self care)
What is schizophrenia?
Individuals with this disorder is subject to delusion which subsequently impact behaviours and emotions
What happens when information comes into a brain of a schizophrenia
They accept all messages coming from their brain as genuine, never fully understanding that some of information is not based in reality
What are the phases that are apart of the cycle of schizophrenia? What happens in each phase?
Active: delusion, hallucination, distorted thinking, disturbances in behaviour And feelings, may begin very suddenly
Residual: listlessness, difficulty concentrating, withdrawn, becomes worse with each cycle
Prodormal: loss of interest in usual pursuits, withdrawal from family and friends, confusion and difficulty concentrating, prefer to be alone, can last weeks or months
How is delusional behaviour described
As having beliefs which are not based upon reality
What are hallucinations associated with
Associated with voices that tell individuals to behave in a certain way and can be insulting towards individuals
What is distorted thinking
May lead to individuals to be random in conversations and may be accompanied by anxiety
What causes schizophrenia
Exact cause is unknown, believed to be hereditary and can be triggered
How does schizophrenia occur
Occurs in pattern of illness and remission, periods where they are relatively well and periods where they are not, said to go through all three stages before they can go into remission again
What is used to control the symptoms of schizophrenia
Meds, therapy, counselling the family of the individual is usually involved
Best practices when dealing within individuals with schizophrenia
- remember their reality might not be theirs
- approach alone can trigger violent reactions
- if possible approach from the sides,be calm and gentle
- do not block door ways
- only one officer should interact, other Should be at a distance
What happens to an individual who has bipolar disorder
Person with this fluctuates between periods of manic (high energy and upbeat at all times for prolong periods) and then depression
Bipolar causes high and lows to be?
To be much more defined, broken up by periods of wellness where mental state is calm and able to function
What are the characteristics of the depressive stage of bipolar
Feelings of worthlessness, helpless or hopeless loss of energy, feeling tired, avoiding people
What are the characteristics of the mania phase of bipolar
Exaggerated self-esteem, feeling of grandeur, less need for sleep, increased talking
What causes bipolar
Not exactly known. May be a combination of biological and environmental factors. Some speculation is that it might be hereditary
What is obsessive compulsive disorder
Where an individual is affected by persistent unwanted thoughts or uncontrollable urges to repeat the same behaviour
What causes OCD
No specific cause known.
May be attributed to a lack of Serotonin
How do individuals function better with OCD??
When treated with medication as well as therapy
What are the characteristics of OCD
Compulsive thoughts but there is no limit to what these individuals will obsess about (dirt, germs, fearing of making mistake, fear of hurting someone, fear of being embarrassed, fear of causing harm, fear of thinking bad thoughts, need for order)
What are some of the most common OCD BEHAVIOURS
- repeated bathing, showering, washing hands
- refusing to shake hands, touch doorknobs
- repetitively checking things
- eating food in a specific order
- need to do tasks in a specific order
- collecting or hording
OCD is a?
Anxiety disorder, repeat behaviours are ritualistic and intended to provide comfort/relief
What is psychopathy characterized by
By a lack of empathy
What is empathy
Is the ability to understand what another individual is going through, lack of ability to appreciate another persons perspective. Inability to put themselves in someone else’s shoes
What do psychopaths use to get what they want?
Manipulation and charm. Use any means needed without feeling shame guilt or remorse
Is there any cause of psychopathy
Causes are still unknown but there are cases where a lack if nurturing in childhood, abusive environment and some studies say it might be a heritable neurological problem
What are the characteristics of psychopathy
Behaviours seen in two main factors Aggressive narcissism and social deviant lifestyle
What is narcissism? Characteristics?
State where indidivual has an excessive amount of self love for one self or vanity
- glibness, superficial harm
- grandiose sense of self worth
- pathological lying
- cunning/manipulation
- lack of remorse/guilt
- emotionally shallow
- callous lack of empathy
- failure to accept responsibility for action
What is socially deficient lifestyle? Characteristics?
Exhibiting behaviours not generally accept by community which the individual is part of, do not conform to rules
- need for stimulation/posses of boredom
- parasitic lifestyle
- poor behavioural control
- promiscuous sexual behaviour
- lack of realism, long term goals
- impulsive
What are some childhood indicators of psychopathy
Bedwetting Animal abuse Setting fires Lying Theft Aggression towards peers Truancy(skipping school)
How many people are estimated to be affected with psychopathy
1%
Is there a treatment or cure for psychopathy
No treatment or cure
Define kleptomania
Mental disorder with uncontrollable urges to steal
What are characteristics of kleptomania
-Unsuccessful in resisting impulse to steal things that are not needed
-Experiences gratification, relief/ pleasure from theft
-experiences a rise of tension immediately prior to act of stealing
-act not expression of anger or some other emotion not is it the result of delusion
(This helps diagnose individuals)
What causes kleptomania
No cause known
What is munchaus syndrome by proxy
Individual inflicts harm of sickness on themselves
By proxy: means to inflict that harm upon another persons
What are the cause and treatment for munchaus syndrome
Rare condition
Very little known
Very little known about treatment expect for therapy
Characteristics of munchaus syndrome by proxy
Form of child abuse, caregiver weeks medical attention for child through falsing reported symptoms or deliberately causing illness or injury
Individuals affected are seeking attention particularly concern/sympathy
What ages of children are most at risk? Who is most often affected (munchaus syndrome by proxy)
1-6 years are most at risk
Mother or other female caregiver
Police interactions with individuals with mental illness
- Should not be a deciding factor in any action you decide to pursue
- Interactions have increase: funding cuts to long term psy bed within health care system, new treatment options, limited crisis availability
