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Individuals With Disabilities > Module 2- Cognitive Disabilites > Flashcards

Module 2- Cognitive Disabilites Flashcards

0
Q

What is a learning disability

A

Conditions which affect an individuals ability to learn.

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1
Q

What is developmental cognitive disabilities?

A

Life long mental impairment generally showing up by the time the individual is 18

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2
Q

What is brain injury

A

Resulting trauma to the skull/brain resulting in physical injury to the structures

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3
Q

Developmental cognitive disabilities frequently interfere with?

A

With affected persons ability to learn and communicate

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4
Q

When are you considered to have a developmental disability?

A 
When daily function are affected by at least 3 of the following:
Self care
Self direction
Language
Expressive language
Mobility
Economic self- sufficiency
Capacity for independent living
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5
Q

4 types of developmental disabilities

A

Autism
Fragile X
Down syndrome
FASD

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6
Q

What is autism characterized by

A

Impairment of the brain function

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7
Q

What does it fall under?(autism)

A

A broader category called Autism spectrum disorder

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8
Q

What is the cause(autism)

A

The cause is unknown, thought to be a combo of genetics, environmental and neurological factors

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9
Q

When do symptoms manifest?(autism)

A

In the first three years

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10
Q

Can autism be cured?

A

No

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11
Q

What will a typical individual with autism struggle with?

A

Communication and social interactions

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12
Q

What is type of disorder is autism consider

A

Neurological disorder

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13
Q

What does neurological mean?

A

Structure and function of the brain

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14
Q

What is Down syndrome

A

It is a chromosomal disorder leading to cognitive and physical malformations

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15
Q

What are chromosomes

A

Pair of strands of DNA found in human cells

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16
Q

How many chromosomes does a “normal” person have? How many for someone with Down syndrome?

A

23 chromosomes, Down syndrome presents abnormality in pair 21(significant impact on development of affected fetus)

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17
Q

When is Down syndrome presented? Can it be reversed?

A

In utero(inside womb). This can not be reversed

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18
Q

What causes Down syndrome

A

No behavioural and environmental cause has been determined. Caused by an error in division of cells. Sometimes an older mother is at a greater risk

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19
Q

What percentage of individuals with downs have heart defects?

A

50%

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20
Q

What can Down syndrome lead to?

A

Abnormalities of immune system and many people are more susceptive to illness relative to general population.

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21
Q

Best way to deal with individuals with Down syndrome

A

Use plain language, approach in friendly way and apply calm mannerisms.

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22
Q

What is FASD

A

Range of disorders associated with consumption of alcohol during pregnancy

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23
Q

What can FASD cause

A

Physical changes and function of the brain

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24
Q

What does FASD include.

A 
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Fetal alcohol effects
Partial fetal alcohol syndrome 
Alcohol related neurodevelopment disorder
Static encephalopathy 
Alcohol related birth defects
25
Q

Can you outgrown physical characteristics? (FASD)

A

Yes

26
Q

Can the brain damage get better? (FASD)

A

No it does not diminish over time

27
Q

What conditions are often present with FAS

A

Attention deficit
Hyperactivity disorder
Hypersensitivity to sensory information in environment

28
Q

What is the best practice for police involved with individuals with FASD

A 
Not ask leading questions
Ask questions in plain language
Do not use idioms or sarcasm 
Repeat question to ensure understanding
Never ask why
29
Q

What type of condition is fragile X

A

Genetic condition, most common cause of inherited cognitive disability

30
Q

What are some qualities that people with fragile x have

A 
Loving nature 
Honest 
Willing to please
Shy
Negative response to touch
31
Q

Best police interaction with fragile x

A

Remain calm
Gentle with them
Plain language
Avoid excessive touching

32
Q

How is learning disabilities explained

A

Neurological (physical possess of the brain) condition, affects individuals ability to learn

33
Q

Does learning disabilities affect the individuals intelligence

A

NO

34
Q

2 most common learning disabilities

A

ADHD

dyslexia

35
Q

What is ADHD

A

Neurobehavioral (nervous system and behaviour jointly effected) disorder which shows itself lack of attention combined with impulsive/ “hyper” (exaggerated/excited) behaviour

36
Q

What causes ADHD

A

Not really known but some research shows it may run in the family

37
Q

What do scans if a ADHD BRAIN show?

A

Differences in brain structure and activity

38
Q

How can ADHD BE TREATED

A

Meds

Behavioural therapy

39
Q

What do you need to be considered to have ADHD

A

Level of in attention and hyperactivity must occur more frequently/more intensity

40
Q

What is ADHD recognized primarily by

A

Cognitive features

41
Q

Best practices to dealing with ADHD

A

Communicate clearly about what you want them to do
Communication simply and precise
Always use plain language

42
Q

What is dyslexia

A

Refers to a learning disability characterized by difficulties with alphabet, reading and writing

43
Q

Does dyslexia impact intelligence?

A

No!

44
Q

What causes dyslexia

A

Is the result of brain failing to properly translate visual information into accurate or appropriate language

45
Q

What causes DYSLEXIA

A

Believed to be caused by malfunction in part of the brain which deals with language. May be genetically linked, can run in family

46
Q

What areas can be impacted?

A

Listening,speech,language,reading,spelling and writing abilities

47
Q

How can dyslexia manifest itself

A

Stuttering, slow, confused and/or hesitant speech and language and painful, laboured writing

48
Q

Best practice when dealing with Dyslexia

A

Listen carefully to what client is saying and ask for clarification
Provide options with respect to requesting written statements from these individuals

49
Q

What is a brain injury

A

Cognitive disability that occurs after birth is usually as a result of a brain injury

50
Q

What can result in a brain injury

A

Disease, infection,lack of oxygen,trauma to the head

51
Q

What happens with a brain injury

A

Anatomy of the brain is physically impacted. Most common form of concussion a

52
Q

What does a concussion interfere with?

A

Regular process of the brain

53
Q

Is a concussion a temporary or permanent condition

A

Temporary (generally)

54
Q

What brain functions can be affected

A 
Balance
Coordination 
Judgement
Memory 
Reflexes
Speech
55
Q

How are concussions caused

A

Brain being bounced around inside the skull due to a blow or sudden jarring of the head

56
Q

What can a concussion cause? What does that result in

A

Tearing of the nerve fibres or broken blood vessels. Resulting in bleeding which leads to increased pressure in the brain

57
Q

What are the symptoms of a concussion

A

Amnesia(loss of memory)

Confusion

58
Q

What is a sub-category of concussion? When does this occur? Result?

A

Shaken baby syndrome.
Occurs when baby is shaken usually in attempt to stop the crying.
Resulting in Brian trauma that is permanent in 1/3 of cases

59
Q

What are the best practices with concussions

A

Stay calm
Ensure medical attention is sought
Reassure injured person (May repeat themselves verbally and/or physically)

60
Q

What percentage of an officers job is human relations

A

80%

Individuals With Disabilities (6 decks)

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