Module 3: Infection Control

Question 1

What are your body’s natural defenses against an infection?

Answer 1

• Normal flora
• Body system defenses
• Inflammation

Question 2

What are the steps in the chain of infection?

Answer 2

• Infectious agent
• reservoir
• Portal of exit
• Mode of transmission
• Portal of entry
• host

Question 3

What is the reservoir in the chain of infection?

Answer 3

The place where a pathogen can survive and may or may not multiply

Question 4

Hepatitis B is found in which major reservoirs?

Answer 4

Blood and body fluids

Question 5

To thrive, organisms require what 6 factors

Answer 5

Food 
oxygen 
water 
temperature 
pH 
minimal light

Question 5

What is a portal of exit? Give 3 examples

Answer 5

The path which the pathogen leaves reservoir

Ex. Body openings, breaks in the skin, breaks in mucous membranes

Question 6

What are some ways that microorganism can be transmitted from the reservoir to the host?

Answer 6

➢ Contact (direct or indirect) 
➢ Droplet
➢ Airborne
➢ Vehicle
➢ Vectorborne

Question 7

What are the steps in donning your PPE for patients in isolation

Answer 7

1) Hand hygiene
2) Gown
3) Procedure/surgical mask
4) N95 respirator
5) Eye protection or face shields
6) Gloves

Question 7

What are the steps for doffing When leaving a patient’s room in isolation?

Answer 7

1) Gloves
2) Hand hygiene
3) Gown
4) Hand hygiene
5) Eye protection or face shields
6) mask or N95 respirator

Question 10

An infection is…

Answer 10

A disease state resulting from the entry in multiplication of the pathogen in the tissues of a host

Question 11

What is the definition of communicable?

Answer 11

If an infection can be transmitted from one person to another

Question 12

Define Virulence

Answer 12

The severity or harmfulness of a disease or poison

Question 13

The potential for microorganisms to cause disease depends on four factors, what are they?

Answer 13

1. A sufficient number of organisms
2. Virulence, or ability to produce disease
3. The ability to enter and survive in the host
4. The susceptibility of the host

Question 14

What is the purpose of surgical asepsis/sterile technique ?

Answer 14

•Purpose to eliminate all microorganisms from an object/area

Question 16

What does asepsis mean?

Answer 16

•The absence of pathogenic (disease producing) microorganisms

Question 16

What is the purpose of medical asepsis/clean technique?

Answer 16

•Purpose to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms

Question 16

Microorganisms include… (4)

Answer 16

Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protoza

Question 16

Define immunocompromised

Answer 16

Having an impaired immune system

Question 17

Is a sterile object or field out of the range of vision or an object held below the person’s waist contaminated?

Answer 17

Yeeep

Question 19

Are the edges of a sterile field or container considered contaminated?

Answer 19

Yeeessers

Question 20

What happens if a sterile object touches a clean, contaminated or questionable object?

Answer 20

The object is contaminated

Question 21

Infection does not develop until an individual becomes…

Answer 21

Susceptible to the strength and numbers of microorganisms capable of producing infection

Question 22

What is vehicle transmission?

Answer 22

A single contaminated source (e.g. water, drugs, IV fluid, food, equipment) transmits infection to multiple hosts, possibly resulting in an outbreak

Question 23

What is vectorborne transmission?

Answer 23

Insects or pests transmit microbes to humans

Question 24

The severity of the patient’s illness depends on? (3)

Answer 24

• Extent of infection
• ability of the microorganism to cause disease (pathogenicity)
• susceptibility of the host

Question 25

What is a systemic infection?

Answer 25

An infection that affects the entire body – can be fatal