Module 3: Infection Control Flashcards
What are your body’s natural defenses against an infection?
- Normal flora
- Body system defenses
- Inflammation
What are the steps in the chain of infection?
- Infectious agent
- reservoir
- Portal of exit
- Mode of transmission
- Portal of entry
- host
What is the reservoir in the chain of infection?
The place where a pathogen can survive and may or may not multiply
Hepatitis B is found in which major reservoirs?
Blood and body fluids
To thrive, organisms require what 6 factors
Food oxygen water temperature pH minimal light
What is a portal of exit? Give 3 examples
The path which the pathogen leaves reservoir
Ex. Body openings, breaks in the skin, breaks in mucous membranes
What are some ways that microorganism can be transmitted from the reservoir to the host?
➢ Contact (direct or indirect) ➢ Droplet ➢ Airborne ➢ Vehicle ➢ Vectorborne
What are the steps in donning your PPE for patients in isolation
1) Hand hygiene
2) Gown
3) Procedure/surgical mask
4) N95 respirator
5) Eye protection or face shields
6) Gloves
What are the steps for doffing When leaving a patient’s room in isolation?
1) Gloves
2) Hand hygiene
3) Gown
4) Hand hygiene
5) Eye protection or face shields
6) mask or N95 respirator
An infection is…
A disease state resulting from the entry in multiplication of the pathogen in the tissues of a host
What is the definition of communicable?
If an infection can be transmitted from one person to another
Define Virulence
The severity or harmfulness of a disease or poison
The potential for microorganisms to cause disease depends on four factors, what are they?
- A sufficient number of organisms
- Virulence, or ability to produce disease
- The ability to enter and survive in the host
- The susceptibility of the host
What is the purpose of surgical asepsis/sterile technique ?
•Purpose to eliminate all microorganisms from an object/area
What does asepsis mean?
•The absence of pathogenic (disease producing) microorganisms
What is the purpose of medical asepsis/clean technique?
•Purpose to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms
Microorganisms include… (4)
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protoza
Define immunocompromised
Having an impaired immune system
Is a sterile object or field out of the range of vision or an object held below the person’s waist contaminated?
Yeeep
Are the edges of a sterile field or container considered contaminated?
Yeeessers
What happens if a sterile object touches a clean, contaminated or questionable object?
The object is contaminated
Infection does not develop until an individual becomes…
Susceptible to the strength and numbers of microorganisms capable of producing infection
What is vehicle transmission?
A single contaminated source (e.g. water, drugs, IV fluid, food, equipment) transmits infection to multiple hosts, possibly resulting in an outbreak
What is vectorborne transmission?
Insects or pests transmit microbes to humans
