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Medical Terminology > Module 3: Head/Neck/Integument Terminology > Flashcards

Module 3: Head/Neck/Integument Terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Integument

A

Hair, skin, nails

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2
Q

Macule

A

Circumscribed, flat spot

e.g. freckle

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3
Q

Papule

A

Circumscribed, elevated solid lesion up to .5 cm in diameter

e.g. small nevus (mole)

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4
Q

Nodule

A

Circumscribed, elevated, solid lesion, >0.5 cm but

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5
Q

Tumor

A

Circumscribed, elevated, solid lesion >1 cm in diameter

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6
Q

Vesicle

A

Circumscribed, elevated, fluid filled lesion up to 0.5 cm in diameter (tiny blister)
e.g. herpes

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7
Q

Bulla

A

Circumscribed, elevated, fluid filled lesion >0.5 cm in diameter

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8
Q

Pustule

A

Circumscribed, elevated lesion containing pus

e.g. acne pimple

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9
Q

Wheal

A

Irregular, superficial area of localized skin edema; elevated but flat topped
e.g. hive

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10
Q

Erosion

A

loss of superficial epidermis

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11
Q

Ulcer

A

Loss of epidermis extending into dermis

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12
Q

Fissure

A

Linear crack in the skin

e.g. common with chronic contact dermatitis of the hands

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13
Q

Crust

A

Dried residue of serum, pus, or blood

e.g. scab

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14
Q

Scale

A

Thin flake of exfoliated epidermis

e. g. psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis of scalp (“dandruff”)
(seborrheic: disease of sebaceous glands characterized by excessive secretion of sebum or an alteration in its quality)

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15
Q

Lichenification

A

Thickened, roughened skin; exaggerated skin creases (elephant skin)
e.g. Lichen Simplex Chronicus (Neurodermatitis)

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16
Q

Excoriation

A

Scratch mark
Note: an excoriation is a physical finding (a sign), whereas pruritus (itching) is what the patient complains of (symptom).

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17
Q

Alopecia

A

Hair loss in many forms

18
Q

Exophthalmos

A

protruding eyeballs
e.g. Grave’s disease
(“ex-“ –> “out”)
(“ophthalmos” –> “eyes”)

19
Q

Endophthalmos

A

Sunken eyeballs

e.g. severe dehydration, “blow out” fracture

20
Q

Ptosis

A

Dropping of the upper eyelid

e.g. 3rd cranial nerve palsy, Horner’s Syndrome, Myasthenia Gravis

21
Q

Ectropion

A

Margin of the lower eyelid is turned outward exposing the palpebral conjunctiva. Result is constant tearing
(“Ec” –> “out”)
(“tropion” –> “to turn”)

22
Q

Entropion

A

Margin of the lower lid turns inward

e.g. more commonly seen in elderly; eyelashes irritate the conjunctiva and cornea

23
Q

Exotropia

A

Temporal (lateral) deviation of the eye

e.g. “walleyed”

24
Q

Esotropia

A

Nasal (medial) deviation of the eye

e.g. “cross-eyed”

25
Q

Mydriasis

A

Dilated pupil

26
Q

Miosis

A

Constricted pupil

27
Q

Anisocoria

A

unequal pupils

28
Q

Microaneurysm

A

Tiny, round, red spots on the retina

e.g. diabetes mellitus (an aspect of diabetic retinopathy)

29
Q

Hemorrhages

A

Retinal hemorrhages can be flame-shaped or red streaks

e.g. hypertensive and diabetic retinopathy

30
Q

AV Nicking

A

An aspect of hypertensive retinopathy
Arteriovenous nicking: arteriole is seen crossing a venule resulting in compression of venule with bulging on either side of the crossing

31
Q

Exudates

A

White or grayish spots on examination of the eye with irregular borders (cotton wool patches); creamy or yellowish with well-defined borders (waxy exudates)

e. g. Cotton Wool –part. with hypertension
e. g. Waxy Exudates ––part. with diabetes mellitus

32
Q

Tympanosclerosis

A

Chalk-like scarring on the tympanic membrane
e.g. recurrent otitis media (infection of air-filled space behind ear drum - middle ear); PE tubes (pressure equalization tubes - tympanostomy tubes - keeps middle ear aerated for a period of time to prevent accumulation of fluid in middle ear)

33
Q

Erythema

A

Means redness - any place

e.g. Acute Otitis Media (AOM)

34
Q

Bulging of Tympanic Membrane

A 
Outward bulging (as compared to inward retraction)
e.g. AOM
35
Q

Retraction (of tympanic membrane)

A

Inward displacement of tympanic membrane

e.g. Prolonged Eustachian tube obstruction causing negative middle ear pressure

36
Q

Skeletalization (of tympanic membrane)

A

Marked retraction of TM over middle ear ossicles from significant negative middle ear pressure. Ossicles look quite pronounced - clearly visible

37
Q

Performation (of TM)

A

Hole in TM

e.g. Spontaneous due to AOM, head trauma or trauma from placing something in ear canal, from previous PE tube placement

38
Q

Nasal Septal Deviation

A

Typically is S-shaped

e.g. congenital or traumatic

39
Q

Aphthous ulcer

A

Small superficial ulceration of oral mucosa

e.g. “canker” sore

40
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White patch on the epithelium of mucous membranes (oral, genital, anal)
e.g. Lichen planus; squamous cell carcinoma

Medical Terminology (5 decks)

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