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Medical Terminology > Module 2: General Physical Diagnosis/Musculoskeletal Terminology > Flashcards

Module 2: General Physical Diagnosis/Musculoskeletal Terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Symptoms

A

What patient complains of

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2
Q

Signs

A

What physician finds upon physical examination

Ex: erythematous posterior pharynx

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3
Q

Differential diagnosis

A

The physician’s hypotheses of what the disease
is (what the diagnostic possibilities are) based upon the patient’s symptoms and physical upon the patient’s symptoms and physical findings
Ex: Viral Pharyngitis, Streptococcal Pharyngitis, Viral Upper respiratory infection (note: viral upper respiratory infection is commonly referred to as a Viral URI)

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4
Q

Diagnosis

A

Physician’s determination of the nature of the patient’s disease
Ex: streptococcal pharyngitis

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5
Q

Body orientation

Circum-

A

Around

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6
Q

Endo-

A

Within, inner

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7
Q

Ecto- or exo-

A

Outer side

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8
Q

Epi-

A

Outer, surrounding

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9
Q

Hypo-

A

Below, under

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10
Q

Meso-

A

Middle

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11
Q

Sub-

A

Below, under

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12
Q

Supra-

A

Above, over

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13
Q

Superior

A

Upper, i.e. Upper surface of organ

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14
Q

Inferior

A

Lower, i.e. Lower surface of organ

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15
Q

Dorsal

A

Back (opposite of ventral)

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16
Q

Ventral

A

Front (opposite of dorsal)

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17
Q

Cranial

A

Head, superior aspect

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18
Q

Caudal

A

Tail of body, inferior aspect

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19
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to a point of reference, as in closer to the root of a limb, i.e. Closer to the trunk (opposite of distal)

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20
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the root of a limb or some reference point (opposite of proximal)

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21
Q

Medial

A

Near the midline

22
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from the midline

23
Q

Cervical spine

A

7 vertebrae

24
Q

Thoracic spine

A

12 vertebrae

25
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

5 bones

26
Q

Sacrum

A

5 fused bones

27
Q

Coccyx

A

4 fused bones

28
Q

Kyphosis

A

Increased convexity of the thorax
E.g. Osteoporosis causes wedge-shaped deformity of the vertebrae
(“kuphosis” from greek –> “hunchback, bent”)

29
Q

Gibbus

A

An acutely angled kyphotic deformity

E.g. Collapsed thoracic vertebrae (osteoporosis, metastatic disease, tuberculosis of the spine)

30
Q

Lordosis

A

Abnormal increase in the concavity of the lumbar spine as viewed from patient’s side
Can occur due to muscle spasm

31
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral curvature of the spine

E.g. Fairly common among young girls, worsens during growth spurts

32
Q

List

A

Lateral tilt of the spine

E.g. Herniated disc, muscle spasm

33
Q

Flexion

A

Act of bending or making an angle

34
Q

Extension

A

Act of straightening

35
Q

dorsiflexion

A

further flexing of foot

36
Q

plantar flexion

A

extension of foot

37
Q

Medial Rotation

A

rotation of anterior surface toward midplane of body

38
Q

Lateral Rotation

A

Rotation of anterior surface away from midplane of body

39
Q

Lateral Bending/Tilt

A

bending/tilting away from mid-line

e.g. neck and back

40
Q

Pronation

A

rotation of forearm and hand to turn the palm downward

41
Q

Supination

A

rotation of forearm and hand to turn the palm upward

42
Q

Inversion

A

rotation of the foot so the plantar aspect (sole) turns inward

43
Q

Eversion

A

rotation of foot so plantar aspect (sole) turns outward

44
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward central axis of body

45
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from central axis of body

46
Q

Circumduction

A

Active or passive circular movement of a limb or the eye

47
Q

Genu Varum

A

Bow legs - whether normal or abnormal; depends on age
e.g. normal from birth up to about 3 years of age
“genu” - Latin - “knee”

48
Q

Genu Valgum

A

knock-knees

e.g. normal from about 2 years to 7 years of age

49
Q

Heberden’s Nodes

A

Bony deformities at the DIP (distal interphalangeal) joints secondary to osteoarthritis

  • caused by formation of osteophytes (calcific spurs) of the articular cartilage
  • Named for william heberden
50
Q

Bouchard’s Nodes

A

Bony deformities at the PIP (proximal interphalangeal) joints secondary to osteoarthritis

  • significantly less common than heberden’s nodes
  • Named for Charles Jacques Bouchard
51
Q

Effusion

A

fluid in a joint

Medical Terminology (5 decks)

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