Module 3 Hazard identification & Vulnerability Assessment Flashcards
addresses the problems posed by various potential events, ranging in scale from mass casualty incidents
Disaster Planning
process used to evaluate if any particular situation, item, thing, etc. may have the potential to cause harm.
Hazard identification
medical preparedness and response capabilities for emergencies, whether deliberate, accidental, or natural.
Health Preparedness
is the human dimension of disasters and is the result of the range of economic, social, cultural, institutional, political, and psychological factors that shape people’s lives and the environment that they live in.
Vulnerability analysis
a process to identify potential hazards and analyze what could happen if a hazard occurs.
Risk assessment
Six Domains of Preparedness
Community resilience
Incident management
Information management
Countermeasures and mitigation
Surge management
Biosurveillance
Common challenges to address proactively
Communication
Information management
Coordination
Advance warning systems and use of evacuation areas
Surge management
among organizations and people is the most crucial and a priority in disaster planning.
Failure may lead to damage to infrastructure, lack of operator familiarity, increase demands, inadequate supplies, and lack of integration.
Communication
planning should ensure necessary leadership and accountability to support the establishment of the interconnected data systems and analytic capacity.
Data sharing should be included in disaster planning such as medical and behavioral healthcare, public health, and social services
Information management
important to know geographical area of jurisdiction to consider how will they respond in a disaster when entire region is affected.
Coordination
warnings can be made in advance before the arrival of a disaster (typhoons, earthquake, volcanic eruptions, tsunami).
The emergency alert systems can help in public alert warning.
Advance warning systems and use of evacuation areas
a comprehensive disaster plan will account for a sudden unanticipated “surge” of patients, the effective triage of patients (prioritization for care and trans- port of patients), and distribution of patients to hospitals
Surge management
METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION FOR DISASTER PLANNING
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING
VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS
RISK ASSESSMENT
Determining a community’s risk of adverse health effects due to a specified disaster
Identifying the major hazards facing the community and their sources
Identifying those sections of the community most likely to be affected by a particular hazard
Determining existing measures and resources that reduce the impact of a given hazard
Determining areas that require strengthening to prevent or mitigate the effects of the hazard
Major objectives of risk assessment
TYPES OF HAZARD ANALYSIS
• Natural Events
• Technological Events
• Human Events
• Special Events
• Content Hazards
- Prevention or removal of hazard
- Containment of the hazard
- Removal of at-risk populations
- Provision of public information and education
- Establishment on early warning system
- Mitigation of vulnerabilities
- Reduction of risk posed by some hazards
DISASTER PREVENTION MEASURES
- Prepare a theoretical foundation for disaster planning.
- Disaster planning is only as effective as the assumptions upon which it is based.
- Activities must go beyond the routine.
- Community needs assessment.
- Identify leadership and command post.
- Design a local response for the first 72 hours.
- Identification and accommodation of vulnerable populations.
- State and federal assistance
- Identification of training and educational needs, resources, and personal protective equipment.
- Plan for the early conduct of damage assessment.
CORE PREPAREDNESS ACTIVITIES
Phases of Emergency Management Cycle
- Pre-Impact (Before)
• Advance planning
• Community participation - Mock drill - Mass education - Safety measures
• Time factor
• Coordination - Impact
• Establish emergency communication
• Deploy rescue teams
• Medical support & other life-saving activities.
• Supply/air dropping of food, drinking water and essential items - Post-Impact
• Medical care
• Food, clothing and shelter for rescued people
• Disposal of bodies/animal carcasses, prevention of epidemics
• Repair and restoration of essential services/infrastructure
• Estimating loss of life and property
refer to incidents that disrupt the everyday, routine services of the medical facility and may or may not occur simultaneously with an external event.
Internal disasters
threatens the smooth functioning of the hospital, medical center, or health care facility, or that presents a potential danger to patients or hospital personnel
Internal event
United states, the _____ requires that all hospitals have comprehensive plans for both internal and external disasters.
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)
____ address the institution’s response to any potential incident that would disrupt hospital functioning.
“Hospital Incident Management System”
The identification of a command post and the following three phases:
Alert Phase
Response phase
Expanded response phase
during which staff remain at their regular positions, service provision is uninterrupted, and faculty and staff await further instructions from their supervisors.
Alert phase
during which designated staff report to supervisors or the command post for instructions, the response plan is activated, and nonessential services are suspended.
Response phase
when additional personnel are required, off- duty staff are called in, and existing staff may be reassigned based on patient’s needs.
Expanded response phase
Three Steps in Managing a Communicable disease Outbreak:
- Recognition that a potential outbreak is occurring
- Investigation of the source, mode of transmission,
and risk factors for infection - Implementation of appropriate control measures
Every industrialized nation is heavily reliant on chemicals. it produces, stores, and transports large quantities of toxic industrial agents.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS DISASTER PLANNING
All nurses should have an awareness of the basic life cycle of disasters, the health consequences associated with the major events, and a framework to support the necessary assessment and response efforts.
PROFESSIONAL NURSING MANDATE
According to the ___, “the aim of nursing actions is to assist patients, families and communities to improve, correct or adjust to physical, emotional, psychosocial, spiritual, cultural, and environmental conditions for which they seek help.”
American Nurses Association (ANA)
• Provision of a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing.
• Attention to the range of human experiences and responses to health and illness within the physical and social environments.
• Integration of objective data with knowledge gained from an appreciation of the patient or group’s subjective experience.
• Application of scientific knowledge to the processes of diagnosis and treatment through the use of judgment and critical thinking.
• Advancement of professional nursing knowledge through scholarly inquiry.
• Influence on social and public policy to promote social justice
Six essential features of professional nursing (ANA, 2010, pp. 1–3):
Earthquake preparedness
Drop
Cover
Hold
Flood preparedness
Turn around, don’t drown
Never drive through flooded areas.
- Make communication plan
- Stay informed.
- Inform local authorities about special needs
- For homes – check hazard places, turn off electricity power, prepare emergency kits, food,and water
- If need to evacuate be prepared
- Flood waters can pose health risks such as contaminated water and food
- Loss of shelter leaves people vulnerable to exposure to insects, heat, cold.
- Traumatic injuries is present due to washed debris (houses, trees, buildings etc.)
- Surveying and monitoring for infectious people from water or insect transmitted diseases, medicine supplies, restoring primary health services, water, food, shelter, and employment
Tsunami
- Emergency kit
- If to evacuate – follow authorities’ instructions, take only essentials with you a 1 week supply including meds if you have
- Keep listen to radio to be updated.
Volcanoes
