Module 1 Concepts Of Disaster Nursing Flashcards
“A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society at any scale due to hazardous events interacting with conditions of exposure, vulnerability and capacity, leading to one or more of the following: human, material, economic and environmental losses and impacts”
United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction [UNISDR], 2017
A ____ that makes it difficult, or impossible for a facility to carry out essential activities. During a disaster, the needed resources are greater than those available.
sudden, unplanned event
A disaster can occur at any level: ___, ___, ____ or ___.
local, state, regional, country or multiple countries
“In the global community within which we all live, concern for the health and well-being of our citizens and for the sustainability of our environment has not diminished in any way. In light of recent world events, our concerns have now expanded to include hazards such as emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, the ubiquitous fear of terrorism and the detonation of nuclear weapons, an increasing awareness of the danger of climate change, and the devastating health impact of the forces of Mother Nature on communities affected by natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and volcanic eruptions”
Veenema, 2013.
Disasters have been defined as ____, of a severity and magnitude that result in ___, ___, ___, and ___ that cannot be effectively.
ecologic disruptions, or emergencies
deaths, injuries, illness, and property damage
Disaster = ___ > ___
Need > Resources
a. An occurrence causing widespread destruction
and distress
b. a catastrophe
c. a grave misfortune
Disaster
D in DISASTER means
Destructions
I in DISASTER means
Incidents
S in DISASTER means
Sufferings
Sentiments
A in DISASTER means
Administrative, Financial Failures
T in DISASTER means
Tragedies
E in DISASTER means
Eruption of Communicable Disease
R in DISASTER means
Research program and its implementation
Disruption of routine health care services and prevention initiatives may lead to long-term consequences in health outcomes in terms of increased ___ and ___.
Morbidity and Mortality
Disasters may affect the ___,___, and___ of the population in the affected community. Depending on the specific nature of the disaster, responses may range from fear, anxiety, and depression to widespread panic and terror.
psychological, emotional, and social well-being
“Displaced populations and their host communities are at increased risk for communicable diseases and the health consequences of crowded living conditions. “
Noji, 1996
a sudden, unexpected event requiring immediate action due to a potential threat to health, life, property or environment.
Emergency
the care given to patients with urgent and critical needs.
Emergency management
is a nursing specialty in which nurses’ care for patients in the emergency or critical phase of their illness or injury.
Emergency nursing
a nurse specialized in rapid assessment and treatment when every second counts, particularly during the initial phase of acute illness and trauma.
Emergency nurse
A nurse that had a specialized education, training and experience to gain expertise in assessing and identifying patient health care problem in crisis situation.
Emergency nurse
local police, fire & emergency medical personnel who arrive first on the scene of an incident & take action to save lives, protect property, & meet basic human needs.
First responder
is system encompasses all aspect of emergency care. The systems are responsible for establishing, regulating coordinating, and monitoring the components involved in the provision of emergency care.
Emergency medical services (EMS)
Principles of Emergency Care
“Treat the potentially life threatening first”
Goals of Emergency Care
- Preserve life
- Prevent deterioration before definitive treatment
- Restore patient to useful living
the adaptation of professional nursing knowledge and skills in recognizing and
meeting the needs of disaster victims.
Disaster Nursing
Types of victims
Direct, indirect, hidden
those killed, injured, or who lost
properties
Direct victims
family, friends, co-workers and
those identified with the victims
Indirect victims
crisis workers, police, red cross
volunteers, rescuers, firemen, staff, disaster managers, hospital workers
Hidden victims
average of 20 typhoons occur yearly
Typhoon Corridor
Geographical Location- the country lies within ___ the where 80% of the world’s earthquake occur.
Pacific Ring of Fire
Physical Structure: composed of ___ islands/ along shoreline. Rugged terrain, ___ of the country’s 220 volcanoes are scattered all over the
archipelago is active.
7,107 islands
22 of the country’s 220 volcanoes
Phenomenon induces long dry spell
in many parts of the country
El Niño
Phenomenon induces long rain downpour in many parts of the country
La Niña
Types of Disasters
Natural
Man-made
Technological
Examples of Natural Disaster
Earthquake
Floods
Tornadoes,
Hurricane
Volcanic eruption
Tsunami,
Shaking caused by movements of plates in the earth’s crust
Occur along faults – borders between two plates
Occur most often along the Pacific Ring of Fire
Earthquake
Action to do during earthquake
Duck, cover and hold
originate very quickly following a quick rainstorm, a heavy rain, or they may develop over a short period following an extended period of rain or quick snow melt
Floods
floods that happen very fast
Flashfloods
primary hazard from flooding
Drowning
Health concerns from flooding is the development
of disease from ____.
contaminated water and lack of hygiene.
Rotating funnel-shaped clouds from powerful thunderstorms which form over land
Generates stronger winds up to ___ MPH which form within a short time thus, warnings are harder to get out in time
Occur in the ___ than anywhere else in the world
The primary hazard: ___
Tornado
300 MPH
United States
risk for injuries from flying debris
Originates from the ocean, gathers strength as it glides across the water causing tidal surge which in turn brings flood
Clouds and winds greater than ___ MPH spin around the eye
Primary health hazard: ___
Hurricane
75 MPH
risk of drowning from the storm surge associated with the landfall of the storm
Pressure builds below the earth’s surface producing eruptions of lava, rock, & volcanic gases
More than ___ active volcanoes in the world; over half in the Ring of Fire
an average of __ eruptions per year, causing an average of 1017 deaths and 285 injuries
Volcanic Eruption
More than 500
6 eruptions
Health outcomes are associated with volcanic eruptions:
Respiratory illnesses
some danger exists from lava flows, or more likely mud flows
Form as a result of earthquakes, volcanoes, or landsides under the ocean
Waves grow taller as they reach the coast
Four out of Five occur in the Ring of Fire
Tsunamis
Natural signs of Tsunamis
- A felt earthquake
- Unusual sea level changes: sudden sea water
retreat or rise. - Rumbling sound of approaching waves.
- Stay out of danger areas until “all clear” is issued by competent authority.
Disaster caused by natural or environmental factors
Natural disaster
Disasters in which the principal direct causes are identifiable human actions, deliberate or otherwise (Jha, 2010)
Man-made or anthropogenic disaster
Example of Man-made disaster
Biological terrorism
Biochemical terrorism
Chemical spills
Radiologic/nuclear events
Fires
Blast/explosion
Transportation accidents
Armed conflicts
Act of wars
Classification of man-made disaster
Complex human emergencies
Technological disasters
Disasters not caused by natural hazards but occur in human settlements
involve situations where populations suffer significant casualties as a result of war, civil strife, or other political conflict.
Complex human emergencies
people, property, community infrastructure & economic welfare are directly affected by major industrial accidents (unplanned release of nuclear energy, fires or explosions from hazardous substances).
Technological disasters
may trigger a secondary disaster, the result of weaknesses in the human environment
Natural and technological (NaTechs) disaster
disaster occurred in Japan (___) when an earthquake and tsunami caused damage to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactor, resulting in wide-scale evacuation, illness, and long-term population displacement (referred to as an___).
NA-TECH (Natural & Technological)
March, 2011
indirect causality event
