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ANAT 471 > Module 3: Development of the Thorax, Head, and Placenta > Flashcards

Module 3: Development of the Thorax, Head, and Placenta Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 partitions in the intraembryonic cavity?

A

Pleural, pericardial, peritoneal

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2
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

dome shaped muscle below the heart and lungs that separates the thoracic and peritoneal cavities

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3
Q

What 3 structures fuse to form the diaphragm?

A

mesenchyme, septum transversum, pleuroperitoneal folds

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4
Q

What direction do the pleuroperitoneal folds grow?

A

ventrally from the dorsal body wall

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5
Q

what are the pericardial folds?

A

lateral body wall folds that contain phrenic nerves

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6
Q

How do the pericardial folds grow?

A

towards each other medially to separate the thoracic cavity into pleural and pericardial cavities

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7
Q

What is the tracheobronchial tree?

A

system of airways that allow the passage of air into the lungs

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8
Q

What are the component of the tracheobronchial tree in chronological order?

A

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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9
Q

When does lung development begin?

A

day 22

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10
Q

What portion of the primitive gut are the lungs derived from?

A

the foregut

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11
Q

What are the steps to lung development?

A

respiratory diverticulum - out pocketing in the ventral wall of the foregut expand in to surrounding splanchnic mesoderm
tracheal buds - diverticulum pinches off the ventral wall forming the trachea and the esophagus, then tracheal buds protrude from the caudal diverticulum
bronchioles - tracheal buds form the right and left primary bronchi and continue to branch to form all major airway structures

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12
Q

When do the alveoli form?

A

week 16

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13
Q

What is surfactant?

A

compound that reduces the surface tension between the pulmonary air liquid interface enabling proper expansion of the alveoli and prevents collapse during expiration

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14
Q

When do breathing movements begin?

A

around week 20/21

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15
Q

What are breathing movements in a fetus?

A

occur when contractions of the respiratory muscles cause inhalation and expiration of amniotic fluid which help tone the muscle for breathing

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16
Q

How do the lungs get rid of the amniotic fluid during birth?

A

compression of the thoracic cavity during birth forces much of the liquid to be expelled

17
Q

What are the pharyngeal arches?

A

series of externally visible anterior tissue bands deep to the developing brain

18
Q

What do the pharyngeal arches give rise to?

A

structures of the head and neck

19
Q

What do the pharyngeal arches develop from?

A

lateral plate mesoderm and neural crest cells; mesenchymal core lined externally by ectoderm and internally by endoderm

20
Q

What are pharyngeal pouches?

A

endodermal lined pockets that form on the inside of the pharynx between the arches

21
Q

What does pharyngeal pouch 1 give rise to?

A

auditory tube and middle ear cavity

22
Q

What does pharyngeal pouch 2 give rise to?

A

palatine tonsil

23
Q

What does pharyngeal pouch 3 give rise to?

A

inferior parathyroid gland and thymus

24
Q

What does pharyngeal pouch 4 give rise to?

A

superior parathyroid gland and ultimobranchial body

25
Q

What are the pharyngeal clefts?

A

separate the pharyngeal arches externally

26
Q

What does pharyngeal cleft 1 give rise to?

A

external auditory meatus membrane

27
Q

What does pharyngeal cleft 2-4 give rise to?

A

temporary cervical sinus

28
Q

What does pharyngeal arch 1 give rise to?

A

trigeminal nerve, muscles of mastication, and bones of the neck and inner ear

29
Q

What does pharyngeal arch 2 give rise to?

A

facial nerve, muscles of facial expression, bones of the neck and inner ear

30
Q

What does pharyngeal arch 3 give rise to?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeus muscle, hyoid bone

31
Q

What does pharyngeal arch 4 and 6 give rise to?

A

vagus nerve, constrictor muscles of the pharynx, intrinsic muscle of the larynx, cartilages of the larynx

32
Q

What are the features of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A
  • mobile portion of the tongue
  • general sensation -> trigeminal nerve
  • taste -> facial nerve
33
Q

What are the features of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A
  • more rough appearance
  • general sensation and taste -> glossopharyngeal nerve
34
Q

What is the terminal sulcus?

A

junction between the anterior and posterior tongue

35
Q

What is the foramen cecum?

A

middle of the terminal sulcus and origin of the thyroid gland

36
Q

What nerve is the epiglottis innervated by?

A

vague nerve

37
Q

What nerve innervated the muscle of the tongue?

A

hypoglossal nerve

38
Q

When does tongue development begin?

A

week 4

39
Q
A

ANAT 471 (4 decks)

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