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Bio-5 > Module 3 Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Module 3 Chapter 19 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

List all the stages of the cell cycle

A
  1. Interphase- G1, S, G2
  2. Mitosis
  3. Cytokinesis
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2
Q

List all the stages of mitosis

A
  1. Interphase
  2. Prophase
  3. Metaphase
  4. Anaphase
  5. Telophase & cytokinesis
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3
Q

What happens during G1, S, and G2 of interphase

A
  1. G1- growth
  2. S- growth and DNA replication
  3. G2- growth and final preparations for division
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4
Q

What are the different phases of mitosis

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
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5
Q

What happens during prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

A
  1. Prophase- chromosomes condense and become visible, nuclear envelope fragments, nucleolus disappears, ceremonies move to opposite poles, spindle fibers appear and attach to centromeres
  2. Metaphase- chromosomes line up at equator, spindle becomes fully formed
  3. Sister chromatids separate at the centromeres and move towards the poles
  4. Telophase & cytokinesis- chromosome arrive at poles, chromosomes become indistinct chromatic again, nucleoli appear, spindle disappears, nuclear envelope reassembles, two daughter cells are formed
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6
Q

What is cytokinesis

A

The actual division of the parent cell into two daughter cells

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7
Q

How is mitosis different from meiosis (consider how many cells at the end of each? Are they genetically the same? Where is one used versus the other?)

A

Mitosis is used for growth, repairs damaged tissue, and replacement of cells meiosis is used for reproduction
Mitosis creates somatic cells and meiosis creates gametes
Mitosis produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical and meiosis produces four daughter cells that are genetically different

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8
Q

In mitosis, if a cell has 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell

A

24

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9
Q

In meiosis if the cell has 12 chromosomes how many chromosomes will be in each gamete

A

6

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10
Q

Which process repairs damaged cells

A

Mitosis

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11
Q

What is a kinetochore

A

A protein that connects the two chromatids

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12
Q

What is a centriole

A

Cylindrical array of microtubules

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13
Q

What is a centromere

A

Central region where the duplicated chromosomes connect

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14
Q

What is a chromatid

A

1/2 of a duplicated chromosome

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15
Q

What is a chromosome

A

Tightly would DNA and proteins that carry genes

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16
Q

How many chromosomes are there in a normal human cell

A

46 chromosomes

17
Q

How many chromosomes are there in each gamete

A

23

18
Q

How many chromatids are there in a replicated chromosome

A

2

19
Q

If there are 15 chromosomes in a cell how many will be in each daughter cell after mitosis

A

15

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