Chapter 1 Flashcards
Characteristics for something to be considered life
- Organized
- Requires material/energy
- Maintains an internal environment
- Responds
- Reproduces/develops
- Evolutionary history
Atoms
Building blocks of everything, individual elements (ex: sodium Na)
Molecules
Combination of multiple atoms (ex: NaCl table salt)
Cells
Combination of lots of molecules. If organized the right way you get a living organism (ex: smallest unit of life)
Tissue
Collection of cells for a common function
Organ
Collection of tissues for a common function (ex: heart/lungs)
Organ system
Group of organs for a common function (ex: digestive system= stomach, small, and large intestine. Function is digesting food)
Organism
Collection of organ systems (ex: humans)
Species
Organisms defined by breeding (ex: cats/dogs)
Population
Group of one species together (ex: Fresno)
Community
Interacting populations in an area (ex: lion king)
Ecosystem
Communities within their environment
Biosphere
Collection of all ecosystems (ex: earth)
Biology
Study of life and their interactions with the environment
Organic molecules of life
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Nucleic acids
Metabolism
Chemical reaction that uses energy
Homeostasis
Body keeping constant internal environment
2 types of stimuli
- External stimuli- outside the body (ex: touch hot stove)
- Internal stimuli- inside body (ex: high blood pressure)
Reproduce
Passing on of genetic information
Growth
Increase of size/number of size (ex: physical, like height)
Development
All changes from fertilization to death
2 types of reproduction
- Sexual- mixture of genetic material to form new organism
- Asexual- splits into two parts (ex: bacteria)
DNA
Genetic information
Contains hereditary information
Directs structure and function of cells
Contains genes (specific traits)
Mutation
Variations in genes (can be beneficial, evolution)
Evolution
How population changes through time
Adjustment
Have control over (ex: cold weather you out on a jacket)
Adaptation
Over time, populations begins to have variation (evolution)
Science
Knowing of the natural world
Scientific method
- Observation
- Hypothesis
- Experimentation
- Conclusion
- Repeat
Observation
Watching of the natural world
Sense
Instruments (microscope)
Research
Hypothesis
Explanation of observing a natural event
Inductive reasoning
Conclusion based off observation (ex: you see it happen)
Deductive reasoning
Indirect observation to make a conclusion (ex: dog bowl is empty dog must have ate the food)
Conclusion
Scientist make a conclusion based on the data and results of the experiment
Scientific theory
Explanations for how the wold works
Not ideas, they are backed up by experimentation and evidence
Law/principle
Accepted by a majority of scientist (ex: law of gravity)
