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GENERAL ANATOMY > Module 3 - Appendicular (Upper Extremity) > Flashcards

Module 3 - Appendicular (Upper Extremity) Flashcards

1
Q

includes the bones of upper and lower extremities

A

appendicular skeleton

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2
Q

126 bones: 64 upper limb, 62 lower limb

A

appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

what are the bones in upper extremities?

A

scapula - 2
clavicle - 2
humerus - 2
ulna - 2
radius - 2
carpals - 16
metacarpals - 10
phalanges - 28

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4
Q

dermal and endochondral development
two principal components: clavicle & scapula, which remains separate
no articulation w/ vertebral column
lightly built for mobility

A

pectoral girdle

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5
Q

no direct ventral articulation (only connected by interclavicular ligament)
resilient to thrust
shallow joint w/ limb, allowing wide range of movement

A

pectoral girdle

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6
Q

large, flat, triangular bone, overlaps in part ff second to the seventh ribs on the posterolateral thoracic aspect

articulates with humerus and clavicle

A

scapula

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7
Q

name scapula three borders

A

superior borders
lateral borders
medial borders

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8
Q

name the three angles of scapula

A

inferior angle
superior angle
lateral angle

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9
Q

name the three processes of scapula

A

spinous
acromion
coracoid

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10
Q

state the three fossae of scapula

A

supraspinous
infraspinous
subscapular

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11
Q

overlies seventh rib or intercostals space

A

inferior angle

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12
Q

located the junction of the superior and medial borders

A

superior angle

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13
Q

truncated and broad, the head, bearing GLENOID CAVITY and forming glenohumeral joint with humerus

above glenoid cavity is a small, round SUPRAGLENOID TUBERCLE which encroaches on the root of coracoid process

A

Lateral angle

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14
Q

broad and flattened; extends laterally and anteriorly overhanging the shoulder

A

acromion process

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15
Q

triangular plate of bone attached by its anterior border to the dorsum of scapula

A

spine of the scapula

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16
Q

arises from summit of scapular head and hooks slightly laterally and forwards

A

coracoid process

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17
Q

depression above the spine and contains supraspinatus muscles

A

supraspinous fossa

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18
Q

depression below the spine and contains infraspinatus muscle

A

infraspinous fossa

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19
Q

concavity on anterior or costal surface and contains subscapularis muscle

A

subscapular fossa

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20
Q

extends laterally and
almost horizontally across the neck
from the manubrium to the acromion,
being wholly subcutaneous.

A

clavicle

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21
Q

lateral, acromial end articulates
with the medial aspect of the
acromion

A

clavicle

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22
Q

struts the shoulder and
enables the limbs to swing clear
of the trunk

A

clavicle

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23
Q

shaft is sinuous, being
convex forwards in its medial
two-thirds, and concave
forwards lateral to this.

A

clavicle

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24
Q

longest and largest bone in upper limb, expanded ends and a shaft
proximally round head forms w/ scapular glenoid cavity

the distal end, termed “condylar” is adapted to the forearm bones at the elbow joint

A

Humerus

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25
Q

Humerus - Proximal End:
at proximal end and slightly less half a spheroid; the articular surface is covered by hyaline cartilage, thicker centrally

A

Head

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26
Q

Humerus - Proximal End:
directly adjoining the articular head’s margin

A

anatomical neck

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27
Q

Humerus - Proximal End:
humeral proximal ends tapers into the shaft as an ill defined?

A

surgical neck

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28
Q

Humerus - Proximal End:
anterior and just beyond the anatomical neck

A

lesser tubercle (tuberosity)

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29
Q

Humerus - Proximal End:
most lateral part of the proximal end of the humerus

A

greater tubercle (tuberosity)

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30
Q

Humerus - Proximal End:
between the tubercles

A

intertubercular sulcus

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31
Q

Humerus - Shaft:
three borders of shaft

A

anterior/posterior border
lateral border
medial border

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32
Q

Humerus - Distal End:
basically a modified condyle
wider transversely and has articular and non-articular parts

A

Distal End - Humerus

33
Q

Humerus - Distal End:
what is the articular part joins with the radius and ulna?

A

capitulum and trochlea

34
Q

Humerus - Distal End:
what are the non-articular condyle?

A

medial epicondyle
lateral epicondyle
olecranon
coronoid
radial fossae

35
Q

Humerus - Distal End:
articulates with discoid radial head, which abuts the inferior surface in full extension but slides on anterior surface during flexion

A

capitulum

36
Q

Humerus - Distal End:
articulates with trochlear notch of ulna

A

Trochlea

37
Q

Humerus - Distal End:
blunt medial projection on medial condyle; subcutaneous; visible during passive flexion

medial humeral border ends at medial epicondyle and distal to medial supracondylar ridge

A

medial epicondyle

38
Q

Humerus - Distal End:
lateral non-articular part of condyle; does not project beyond lateral border

lateral humeral border ends at lateral epicondyle, extending proximally, its distal part, the lateral supracondylar ridge

A

lateral epicondyle

39
Q

Humerus - Distal End:
the distal end…?

A

olecranon
coronoid
radial fossae

40
Q

lateral in the forearm; has expanded proximal and distal ends, the distal much broader

shaft widens rapidly towards distal end; convex laterally and concave anteriorly in distal part

A

radius

41
Q

Radius - Proximal End:
discoid, its proximal surface has a shallow cup for the humeral capitulum

A

head

42
Q

Radius - Proximal End:

A
43
Q

Radius - Proximal End:
smooth; vertically deepest medially, where it contacts the ulnar radial notch

A

articular periphery

44
Q

Radius - Proximal End:
the constriction distal to the head, which overhangs it, especially on lateral side

A

neck

45
Q

Radius - Proximal End:
is distal to the medial part of the neck; is posteriorly rough but anteriorly usually smooth

A

tuberosity

46
Q

Radius - Shaft:
has lateral convexity but only its —— —- is sharp

A

interosseous border

47
Q

Radius - Shaft:
obvious at both ends but rounded and indefinite between them

A

anterior border

48
Q

Radius - Shaft:
well-defined only in its middle third; largely flat but may be slightly hollow in the proximal area

A

posterior border

49
Q

Radius - Shaft:
greatly convex

A

lateral surface

50
Q

Radius - Proximal End:

A
51
Q

Radius - Distal End:
slightly rough, projecting distally as a styloid process palpable when tendons around it are slack

A

lateral surface

52
Q

Radius - Distal End:
smooth —- —– —–, divided by a ridge into medial and lateral areas

A

carpal articular surface

53
Q

Radius - Distal End:
a thick, prominent ridge, palpable even through overlying tendons

A

anterior surface

54
Q

Radius - Distal End:
is the ulnar notch; smooth, anteroposteriorly concave for articulation with ulna’s head

A

medial surface

55
Q

is medial to the radius in the supinated forearm; its proximal end is a massive hook, concave forwards; shaft’s lateral border is a sharp crest

bone diminishes progressively from its proximal mass throughout its whole length

A

ulna

56
Q

Ulna - Proximal End:
bent forward at its summit like beak, which enters the humeral olecranon fossa in extension

A

olecranon process

57
Q

Ulna - Proximal End:
projects anteriorly distal to the olecranon process

A

coronoid process

58
Q

Ulna - Proximal End:
distal to which, on lateral surface, is a shallow, smooth, oval —- — for articulation with radial head

A

radial notch

59
Q

Ulna - Proximal End:
the coronoid’s anterior surface is triangular; distal part

A

tuberosity of the ulna

60
Q

Ulna - Proximal End:
articulates with trochlea of the humerus

A

trochlear notch

61
Q

Ulna - Proximal End:
an oval proximal depression on the lateral aspect of the coronoid; articulates with the periphery of radial head

A

radial notch

62
Q

Ulna - Shaft:
is a conspicuous lateral crest in its middle half

A

interosseous border

63
Q

Ulna - Shaft:
proximally continuous with posterior border of a depression distal to radial notch as the?

A

supinator crest

64
Q

Ulna - Shaft:
rounded —- — commences medial to the ulnar tuberosity

A

anterior border

65
Q

Ulna - Shaft:
also rounded

A

posterior border

66
Q

Ulna - Distal End:
visible in pronation on the posteromedial carpal aspect; can be gripped when supinated hand is flexed

A

head

67
Q

carpus contains eight bones in proximal and distal rows of four

A

carpals

68
Q

Carpals:
proximally, in lateral to medial order are?

A

scaphoid
lunate
triquetral
pisiform

69
Q

Carpals:
distal row, are composed of?

A

trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate

70
Q

Carpals:
the —– is the largest element in proximal row; has long axis which is distal, lateral, and slightly palmar in direction

A

scaphoid or navicular

71
Q

Carpals:
semilunar; moon-shaped, articulates between scaphoid and triquetral

A

lunate

72
Q

Carpals:
pyramidal or triangular in shape; bears an oval isolated facet for articulation w/ the pisiform on its distal palmar surface

A

Triquetral

73
Q

Carpals:
shaped like pea, with dorsal flat articular facet for triquetral

A

pisiform

74
Q

Carpals:
has a tubercle and groove on its rough palmar surface

A

Trapezium or Greater Multangular

75
Q

Carpals:
small and irregular; has rough palmar surface narrower and smaller than its rough dorsal surface; former invading the lateral aspect

A

Trapezoid or Lesser Multangular

76
Q

Carpals:
central and largest carpal bone; head-like and articulates w/ third metacarpal base, its triangular distal surface concavoconvex for this

A

Capitate

77
Q

Carpals:
is cuneiform w/ an unciform hamulus (hook), projecting from distal part of its rough palmar surface

A

Hamate

78
Q

composed of five metacarpal bones; miniature long bones w/ distal head, shaft, and expanded base

A

Metacarpals

79
Q

14 phalanges, three in each finger, two in the thumb; each has a head, shaft, and proximal base

A

Phalanges

GENERAL ANATOMY (3 decks)

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