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GENERAL ANATOMY > Module 3 - Appendicular (Lower Extremity) > Flashcards

Module 3 - Appendicular (Lower Extremity) Flashcards

1
Q

consist of 62 bones

A

lower extremity

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2
Q

what are the bones of lower extremity?

A

pelvic bone - 2
femur - 2
tibia - 2
fibula - 2
tarsals - 14
metatarsals - 10
phalanges - 28

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3
Q

large, irregular, constricted centrally

A

pelvic bone/hip bone/os coxa/innominate bone

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4
Q

deep, cup-shaped, found laterally articulating w/ femoral head

A

acetabulum

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5
Q

large oval or triangular

A

obturator foramen

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6
Q

bone widens into a plate w/ a sinuously curved — — above the acetabulum

A

iliac crest

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7
Q

bone articulates in front w/ its fellow, to form the pelvic girdle; completed posteriorly by sacrum and the coccyx
bony basin at lower end of trunk known as PELVIS

A

Pelvic Girdle

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8
Q

entirely endochondral; articulates w/ sacral vertebrae
direct ventral articulation at the pubic symphysis
constructed for resistance to stress rather than for mobility
three components: pubis, ilium, and ischium, which fused into single innominate bone

A

pelvic girdle

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9
Q

connected by cartilage in youth but united as one in adults, the principal union being in the acetabulum

A

ilium, ischium, and pubis

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10
Q

upper and lower parts and three surfaces
smaller, lower part forms a little less than the two-fifths of acetabulum

A

ilium

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11
Q

Iliac Borders:
Iliac crest?

A

anterior superior iliac spine
posterior superior iliac spine

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12
Q

Iliac Borders:
anterior border
immediately above the acetabulum

A

anterior inferior iliac spine

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13
Q

Iliac Borders:
posterior border?

A

posterior superior iliac spine
posterior inferior iliac spine
greater sciatic notch

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14
Q

Iliac Borders:
medial border?

A

articular surface for the sacrum
arcuate line
iliopubic (iliopectineal) eminence (marking the union of ilium and pubis

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15
Q

bounded above by iliac crest; below by the acetabular border, anterior and posterior borders
rough and curved, convex in front, concave behind
three gluteal lines

A

Gluteal Surface

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16
Q

Gluteal Surface:
the shortest, descending from external lip of crest and ending in front of the posterior inferior iliac spine

A

posterior gluteal line

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17
Q

Gluteal Surface:
the longest, begins near the midpoint of the superior margin of the lip, a little anterior to its tubercle

A

anterior gluteal line

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18
Q

Gluteal Surface:
rarely well-marked, begins posterosuperior to the anterior inferior iliac spine, curving posteroinferiorly to
end near the apex of the
greater sciatic notch.

A

inferior gluteal line

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19
Q

what are the sacropelvic surface

A

auricular surface
pelvic surface

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20
Q

symphyseal surface
pubic crest
pubic rami
- superior
- inferior

A

pubis

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21
Q

• Ischial Tuberosity
• Greater sciatic notch
• Lesser sciatic notch
• Ischial ramus
• Ischial spine

A

Ischium

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22
Q

pelvis, ‘a basin’; skeletal ring formed by innominate bone and sacrum; massive because its function is to withstand compression and other forces due to body weight

A

skeletal pelvis

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23
Q

longest and strongest bone in human body; length associated w/ striding gait, its strength w/ weight and muscular forces

A

femur

24
Q

almost cylindrical in most of its length and bowed forward

A

shaft

25
Q

proximal round, —— —- projecting mainly medially on its neck, a medial curvature of proximal shaft

A

articular head

26
Q

the distal extremity is more massive being a “double knuckle” or — articulating with tibia

A

condyle

27
Q

Femur - Proximal End:

A

• a. Femoral Head
• b. Fovea Capitis Femoris
• c. Femoral Neck
• d. Greater Trochanter
• e. Lesser Trochanter
• f. Intertrochanteric Line
• g. Intertrochanteric Crest

28
Q

Femur - Distal End:

A

• Condyles
• Intercondylar fossa
• Patellar surface
• Lateral condyle
• Lateral epicondyle
• Medial condyle
• Medial epicondyle

29
Q

largest sesamoid; embedded in tendon of quadriceps femoris anterior to the knee joint bone; flat, distally triangular, proximally curved, has anterior and posterior surfaces, three borders and an apex

A

Patella

30
Q

Patella:
surface and borders?

A

• Anterior surface
• Posterior surface
• Superior border
• Medial and lateral borders

31
Q

medial to and much stronger than fibula; exceeded in length by femur; anterior, medial and larger of the two bones of the leg

A

Tibia

32
Q

Tibia - Proximal End:
Proximal end?

A

• Medial condyle
• Lateral condyle
• Tibial tuberosity
• Intercondylar area
• intercondylar eminence, -lateral and medial intercondylar tubercles.

33
Q

Tibia - Shaft:

A

• Anterior border
• Interosseous border
• Medial border
• Medial surface
• Lateral surface
• Posterior surface

34
Q

Tibia - Distal End:

A

• Medial malleolus
• Fibular notch
• Tarsal articular surface

35
Q

more slender than the tibia; not directly involved in the transmission of weight; shaft varies in form, being variably molded by attached muscle

proximal head, long shaft, and distal lateral malleolus
thinner part near the head is neck

A

Fibula/Peroneal Bone

36
Q

seven tarsal bones; occupy the proximal half of the foot; tarsus and carpus are homologous, but tarsal in elements are larger to support and distribute weight

tarsal bones are arranged in proximal and distal rows, but medially is a single tarsal element

A

Tarsals

37
Q

second largest tarsal bone; link between the food and leg, through ankle joint

A

Talus, Astralagus or Ankle Bone

38
Q

largest tarsal bone; projects posterior to tibia and fibula as a short lever for muscles of the calf attached to its posterior surface

A

Calcaneus or Heel Bone

39
Q

articulates between the talar head & cuneiforms distally

A

Navicular or Scaphoid

40
Q

most lateral in the distal row; between the calcaneus proximally and fourth & fifth metatarsals distally

A

cuboid

41
Q

wedge-like cuneiform bones; articulate with navicular proximally and the bases of the first to the third metatarsals distally; medial is the largest, intermediate the smallest

A

Cuneiforms

42
Q

Cuneiforms:
articulating w/ navicular and first metatarsal base; has rough, narrow dorsal surface

A

medial cuneiform

43
Q

Cuneiforms:
Articulating with the navicular and distally with the second
metatarsal base; has a narrow, plantar surface receiving a
slip from the tendon of the tibialis posterior.

A

intermediate cuneiform

44
Q

cuneiforms:
between the intermediate cuneiform and the cuboid, articulating also with the navicular, and distally with the third
metatarsal base.

A

lateral cuneiform

45
Q

five metatarsal bones, distal in the foot, connect the tarsus and the phalanges; Like the metacarpals, they are miniature long bones, with a shaft, proximal base and distal head.

A

Metatarsals

46
Q

Metatarsals:
long and slender,
longitudinally convex on the dorsal and
concave on the plantar aspects.

A

shafts

47
Q

Metatarsals:
articulate with the distal row and with each other

A

bases

48
Q

Metatarsals:
articulate with the proximal
phalanges, each by a convex surface
passing farther on to its plantar aspect,
where it ends on the summits of two
eminences

A

heads

49
Q

resemble those in the hand; two in the hallux, and three in
each of the other toes; much shorter

A

Phalanges

50
Q

compressed —— convex dorsally, with a plantar concavity

A

shaft

51
Q

is concave for articulation with the metatarsal head

A

base

52
Q

is a trochlea for a middle phalanx

A

head

53
Q

are small and
short but broader than the
proximal

A

middle phalanges

54
Q

resemble those in
the fingers, but are smaller and
flatter

A

distal phalanges

55
Q

rough —– on the plantar aspect of the latter is an attachment for the pulp, and a wider area for weight bearing.

A

tuberosity

GENERAL ANATOMY (3 decks)

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