Module 3 - Appendicular (Lower Extremity)

Question 1

consist of 62 bones

Answer 1

lower extremity

Question 2

what are the bones of lower extremity?

Answer 2

pelvic bone - 2
femur - 2
tibia - 2
fibula - 2
tarsals - 14
metatarsals - 10
phalanges - 28

Question 3

large, irregular, constricted centrally

Answer 3

pelvic bone/hip bone/os coxa/innominate bone

Question 4

deep, cup-shaped, found laterally articulating w/ femoral head

Answer 4

acetabulum

Question 5

large oval or triangular

Answer 5

obturator foramen

Question 6

bone widens into a plate w/ a sinuously curved — — above the acetabulum

Answer 6

iliac crest

Question 7

bone articulates in front w/ its fellow, to form the pelvic girdle; completed posteriorly by sacrum and the coccyx
bony basin at lower end of trunk known as PELVIS

Answer 7

Pelvic Girdle

Question 8

entirely endochondral; articulates w/ sacral vertebrae
direct ventral articulation at the pubic symphysis
constructed for resistance to stress rather than for mobility
three components: pubis, ilium, and ischium, which fused into single innominate bone

Answer 8

pelvic girdle

Question 9

connected by cartilage in youth but united as one in adults, the principal union being in the acetabulum

Answer 9

ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 10

upper and lower parts and three surfaces
smaller, lower part forms a little less than the two-fifths of acetabulum

Answer 10

ilium

Question 11

Iliac Borders:
Iliac crest?

Answer 11

anterior superior iliac spine
posterior superior iliac spine

Question 12

Iliac Borders:
anterior border
immediately above the acetabulum

Answer 12

anterior inferior iliac spine

Question 13

Iliac Borders:
posterior border?

Answer 13

posterior superior iliac spine
posterior inferior iliac spine
greater sciatic notch

Question 14

Iliac Borders:
medial border?

Answer 14

articular surface for the sacrum
arcuate line
iliopubic (iliopectineal) eminence (marking the union of ilium and pubis

Question 15

bounded above by iliac crest; below by the acetabular border, anterior and posterior borders
rough and curved, convex in front, concave behind
three gluteal lines

Answer 15

Gluteal Surface

Question 16

Gluteal Surface:
the shortest, descending from external lip of crest and ending in front of the posterior inferior iliac spine

Answer 16

posterior gluteal line

Question 17

Gluteal Surface:
the longest, begins near the midpoint of the superior margin of the lip, a little anterior to its tubercle

Answer 17

anterior gluteal line

Question 18

Gluteal Surface:
rarely well-marked, begins posterosuperior to the anterior inferior iliac spine, curving posteroinferiorly to
end near the apex of the
greater sciatic notch.

Answer 18

inferior gluteal line

Question 19

what are the sacropelvic surface

Answer 19

auricular surface
pelvic surface

Question 20

symphyseal surface
pubic crest
pubic rami
- superior
- inferior

Answer 20

pubis

Question 21

• Ischial Tuberosity
• Greater sciatic notch
• Lesser sciatic notch
• Ischial ramus
• Ischial spine

Answer 21

Ischium

Question 22

pelvis, ‘a basin’; skeletal ring formed by innominate bone and sacrum; massive because its function is to withstand compression and other forces due to body weight

Answer 22

skeletal pelvis

Question 23

longest and strongest bone in human body; length associated w/ striding gait, its strength w/ weight and muscular forces

Answer 23

femur

Question 24

almost cylindrical in most of its length and bowed forward

Answer 24

shaft

Question 25

proximal round, ------ ---- projecting mainly medially on its neck, a medial curvature of proximal shaft

Answer 25

articular head

Question 26

the distal extremity is more massive being a "double knuckle" or --- articulating with tibia

Answer 26

condyle

Question 27

Femur - Proximal End:

Answer 27

• a. Femoral Head • b. Fovea Capitis Femoris • c. Femoral Neck • d. Greater Trochanter • e. Lesser Trochanter • f. Intertrochanteric Line • g. Intertrochanteric Crest

Question 28

Femur - Distal End:

Answer 28

• Condyles • Intercondylar fossa • Patellar surface • Lateral condyle • Lateral epicondyle • Medial condyle • Medial epicondyle

Question 29

largest sesamoid; embedded in tendon of quadriceps femoris anterior to the knee joint bone; flat, distally triangular, proximally curved, has anterior and posterior surfaces, three borders and an apex

Answer 29

Patella

Question 30

Patella: surface and borders?

Answer 30

• Anterior surface • Posterior surface • Superior border • Medial and lateral borders

Question 31

medial to and much stronger than fibula; exceeded in length by femur; anterior, medial and larger of the two bones of the leg

Answer 31

Tibia

Question 32

Tibia - Proximal End: Proximal end?

Answer 32

• Medial condyle • Lateral condyle • Tibial tuberosity • Intercondylar area • intercondylar eminence, -lateral and medial intercondylar tubercles.

Question 33

Tibia - Shaft:

Answer 33

• Anterior border • Interosseous border • Medial border • Medial surface • Lateral surface • Posterior surface

Question 34

Tibia - Distal End:

Answer 34

• Medial malleolus • Fibular notch • Tarsal articular surface

Question 35

more slender than the tibia; not directly involved in the transmission of weight; shaft varies in form, being variably molded by attached muscle proximal head, long shaft, and distal lateral malleolus thinner part near the head is neck

Answer 35

Fibula/Peroneal Bone

Question 36

seven tarsal bones; occupy the proximal half of the foot; tarsus and carpus are homologous, but tarsal in elements are larger to support and distribute weight tarsal bones are arranged in proximal and distal rows, but medially is a single tarsal element

Answer 36

Tarsals

Question 37

second largest tarsal bone; link between the food and leg, through ankle joint

Answer 37

Talus, Astralagus or Ankle Bone

Question 38

largest tarsal bone; projects posterior to tibia and fibula as a short lever for muscles of the calf attached to its posterior surface

Answer 38

Calcaneus or Heel Bone

Question 39

articulates between the talar head & cuneiforms distally

Answer 39

Navicular or Scaphoid

Question 40

most lateral in the distal row; between the calcaneus proximally and fourth & fifth metatarsals distally

Answer 40

cuboid

Question 41

wedge-like cuneiform bones; articulate with navicular proximally and the bases of the first to the third metatarsals distally; medial is the largest, intermediate the smallest

Answer 41

Cuneiforms

Question 42

Cuneiforms: articulating w/ navicular and first metatarsal base; has rough, narrow dorsal surface

Answer 42

medial cuneiform

Question 43

Cuneiforms: Articulating with the navicular and distally with the second metatarsal base; has a narrow, plantar surface receiving a slip from the tendon of the tibialis posterior.

Answer 43

intermediate cuneiform

Question 44

cuneiforms: between the intermediate cuneiform and the cuboid, articulating also with the navicular, and distally with the third metatarsal base.

Answer 44

lateral cuneiform

Question 45

five metatarsal bones, distal in the foot, connect the tarsus and the phalanges; Like the metacarpals, they are miniature long bones, with a shaft, proximal base and distal head.

Answer 45

Metatarsals

Question 46

Metatarsals: long and slender, longitudinally convex on the dorsal and concave on the plantar aspects.

Answer 46

shafts

Question 47

Metatarsals: articulate with the distal row and with each other

Answer 47

bases

Question 48

Metatarsals: articulate with the proximal phalanges, each by a convex surface passing farther on to its plantar aspect, where it ends on the summits of two eminences

Answer 48

heads

Question 49

resemble those in the hand; two in the hallux, and three in each of the other toes; much shorter

Answer 49

Phalanges

Question 50

compressed ------ convex dorsally, with a plantar concavity

Answer 50

shaft

Question 51

is concave for articulation with the metatarsal head

Answer 51

base

Question 52

is a trochlea for a middle phalanx

Answer 52

head

Question 53

are small and short but broader than the proximal

Answer 53

middle phalanges

Question 54

resemble those in the fingers, but are smaller and flatter

Answer 54

distal phalanges

Question 55

rough ----- on the plantar aspect of the latter is an attachment for the pulp, and a wider area for weight bearing.

Answer 55

tuberosity