Module 3 and 4: Qualitative and Quantitative Research Designs Flashcards
it is the overall approach of the study
Research design
What should be considered when deciding which design to use
- field study
- experimental study
- survey study
study that answers the question
“how long should I observe the phenomenon?”
“who are the people that I should interview?”
Field Study
study that answers
“will random assignments be made and what are the variables?”
“What shall be the conditions?”
Experimental Study
study that answers
“how many times will the participant answer the question”
Survey study
study where participants respond to questionnaire
survey study
study where you can control different conditions where the subjects can be examined
Experimental study
study where you can be immersed in a phenomena
Field study
study if you want to know the effectiveness and want to have a definite measures of outcome
Experimental study
study if you want to know the perspective of a significant number of sample in a population
survey study
study if you want to observe people or a phenomenon or situation
descriptive study
this is done to provide a plan of study that permits accurate assessment of cause and effect relationships between 2 variables
Research design
The variable that can be changed
-it is the x or the intervention
Independent Variable
variable that is usually the outcome if the intervention is applied
Dependent Variable
these are the strategies that we apply when doing a study
methods
Qualitative Method is _____ process
inductive
Quantitative method is _____process
deductive
T/F
Inductive process means that we already know a theory and we just have to test it
False
T/F
in inductive process, we do not have a strong basis yet on how a phenomena is explained
True
In Qualitative Method
Time expenditure is ____on the planning and _____ during the analysis
Lighter; heavier
T/F
Quantitative method is more subjective
False
Quali: subjective
Quanti: objective
Research method that depends on the skill and rigor of the researcher
Qualitative
Research method that depends on the device or instrument used
Quantitative
Study method that rely on the participant’s input rather than the structure of the question
Qualitative
The research characteristics where researchers collect data in the field of site where participants experience the issue
Natural setting
the researcher as the key instrument means that
the researchers collect data themselves
T/F
in qualitative study, researcher does not necessarily need to be an active participant in gathering data
False
T/F
qualitative researchers build their patterns, categories and themes in a bottom up approach
True
T/F
in qualitative research the meaning that the researcher brings to the research is the focus.
False
T/F
In quantitative research, initial plan for research may change after researchers begin to collect data
False
It is quali research not quanti
What are the 6 Qualitative Research Designs
-narrative
-phenomenological
-grounded theory
-ethnography
-case study
participative action research
Research design that study the experience of an individual as told to the researcher
narrative
A biography that is written by self
Autobiography
type of narrative research that is written for others
Life story/oral history
research design that explains the meaning of lived experiences for SEVERAL INDIVIDUALS about a concept
-have common experiences of phenomenon (what/how they are experienced)
Phenomenological
phenomenology that reflects on the lived experiences with interpretations by the researcher
Hermeneutical Phenomenology
phenomenology that focuses on describing experiences of participants
Empirical, Transcendental phenomenology
Is Moustakas Phenomenology a Transcendental or Hermeneutical
Is Van Manen’s Phenomenology Transcendental or Hermeneutical
Transcendental
Hermeneutical
A phenomenology that is more straightforward and has a clear direction how the phenomenon is processed step by step
Moustakas
Phenomenology that has freedom in terms of how one interprets a phenomenon
Van Manen’s
Phenomenology that describes the phenomenon in the art of writing and rewriting
Van Manen’s
Phenomenology that collects data from several people that experienced the phenomenon
Moustakas
Research design
systematic discovery of theory from data of social research
Grounded Theory
Research design that has a constant comparative method
Grounded theory
Research design that studies a phenomenon to propose a change or add an addition to an existing theory
Grounded theory
What are the two types of grounded theory
Strauss and Corbin
Charmaz
Which is the systematic and constructivist between Strauss and Charmaz
Strauss and Corbin (systematic)
Charmaz (constructivist)
Three major process in Strauss and Corbin
open coding
axial coding
selective coding
coding where we select keywords and look into fitting them in specific dimensions or categories
open coding
where we select one open coding category and place it at the center
Axial coding
coding where you see the interrelationship of the categories from axial coding, where one interprets the relationship of every factors inputted
Selective coding
coding that uses initial codes to form categories
focused coding
coding that relates all relationship of all categories
theoretical coding
coding that uses words, segments and incidents
line by line coding
Which grounded theory can you choose a central phenomenon
Strauss and Corbin
Grounded theory where there is no specific emphasis, where you just simply relate all of them
Charmaz
Research design that is used to understand a group that has certain beliefs, values and practices
ethnography
research design that examines the underlying patterns and ways of experiencing a context
ethnography
research design where there is an in-depth description of a case that is interesting, new and unique
Case Study
Research design where participants are actively engages in designing, conducting and reporting the research
Participatory Action Research
it is about what the participants are currently experiencing
grounded experience
means that the study does not stop in raising awareness, it means that there are specific actions proposed
Action-oriented
principle that talks about the autonomy or control of participants in deciding their level of engagement in the study
Democracy
principle that talks about fairness from distributed opportunities
Equity
Principle that talks about the freedom from the challenging context that participants are experiencing
Liberation
Principle that shows an improvement on the outcome that contributed to the life of the participants being studied
Life Enhancement
thee are considered as the blueprints of every research study
Research design
what type of research design are
RCT, quasi-experimental and SCED
Experimental
Two types of non-experimental research design
exploratory and descriptive
It is used to describe populations
Descriptive
used to find relationships
Exploratory
used to identify the cause and effect
Experimental
T/F
Manipulations means that the researcher can manipulate the dependent variable
False
-dapat independent yung pwede manipulate
T/F
The environment must be controlled
True
T/F
Patient does not necessarily mean that they should have similar demographics
False
T/F
Therapist must have different baseline to further understand what they are studying about
False
This is done during the study to eliminate bias
blinding
A randomization where we identify a sample from a population
selection
a randomization where we group the participants whether they will receive the intervention or placebo
Allocation
design where it can be tested multiple times ang get the same result
Experimental design
What are the 3 essential features of an experimental design that must be present
Manipulation
Control
Randomization
This is presented to establish a null effect
control condition
this is done to promote equal distribution of critical group characteristics at the outset “group equality baseline”
Random allocation
It is the gold standard of experimental designs
Randomized controlled trial
Typical notation for RCT
R O X1 O
R O O
R O X2 O
design where there are 2 independent variable and these IV each have 2 sub factors
Factorial design
type of research design where you see the effect of the intervention in different conditions
one-way repeated measures design
design where there is a washout period approx 3-6 months
crossover design
design that requires informing the patients choice
- not feasible for org-level intervention
- not appropriate for interventions that involve significant lifestyle modification
- not appropriate for preventing rare events
Experimental design
design where there is limitation in natural setting
quasi-experimental design
typical notation for quasi-experi design
O X O
O O
experiment that identifies whether the tx will benefit the patient or not
Single-case experiment
in single case-experiment, patient receives both treatment and control conditions several times in random order
True or false
True
research design where there is no manipulation in variables, just observations
Exploratory design
what is the calculation of correlation coefficients range
-1 to +1
research from present to future
answers the question
“what were the outcome after some time?
Prospective
research from present to past
answers the question
“what factors were presented that lead to the outcomes achieved”
Retrospective
research that includes the past, present and future
Longitudinal research
act where a lot of participants back out from the studies
Attrition
this identifies if there is a relationship that is valid that will indicate the positive and negative relationship
cohort effects
type of research where you acquire group of people with similar experiences and identify what is its effect
from current setting, you analyze all factors from the past and future but more focus on the current
Cross-sectional
research where you look at the factors involved while studying a certain sample through different periods of time
Developmental
used in getting the average of standard deviation, use in SATs
Normative
uses questionnaire or likert scale
Descriptive survey
does not have any intervention, just plain observation and describe it numerically
Case study
