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Pharm 1 > Module 3: Alternative Therapies > Flashcards

Module 3: Alternative Therapies Flashcards

1
Q

Complimentary medicine

A

Therapies+ traditional medicine

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2
Q

Alternative medicine

A

Alternative therapies used insertad of traditional medicine.

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3
Q

Who monitors dietary supplement regulation

A

DSHEA
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994

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4
Q

Weaknesses of DSHEA

A

Testing not required for marketing
Proof of efficacy not needed by manufacturer
Labels not monitored for accuracy

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5
Q

Synergistic reactions

A

Effect of two chemicals taken together is greater than sum of separate effect at same doses.

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6
Q

Additive/Agonistic

A

Effect of two chemicals is equal to sum of effect of two chemicals taken separately

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7
Q

Antagonistic effect

A

May reduce effectiveness of 1+ of the drugs

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8
Q

Interacting supplements with chemotherapy

A

St. John warts
Ginseng
Kava
Cranberry

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9
Q

Interacting supplements with oral contraceptives

A

St Johns wart
Kava

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10
Q

Interacting supplements with
Antiviral meds for HIV infection

A

Garlic
St. John’s wort
Ginseng
Cranberry

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11
Q

Interacting supplements with diuretics

A

Ginkgo
Ginseng
Kava
Cranberry

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12
Q

Interacting supplements with digoxin

A

St. John’s wort
Ginseng
Ginger

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13
Q

Interacting supplements with anticonvulsants

A

Ginkgo
St. John’s wort
Valerian

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14
Q

Interacting supplements with hypoglycemic agents

A

Garlic
Ginkgo
Ginseng
Cranberry

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15
Q

Interacting supplements with anticoagulants, NSAIDS, anti platelet agents

A

Garlic
Ginkgo
St. John’s wort
Ginseng
Saw palmetto
Ginger
Cranberry

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16
Q

Soothes burns

A

Aloe

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17
Q

Actions of aloe

A

Anti inflammatory
Analgesic
Laxative

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18
Q

Adverse effects of aloe

A

Oral-fluid and electrolyte imbalances from diarrhea
Abdominal cramping

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19
Q

Contraindications of aloe

A

Avoid in kidney and cardiac disorders

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20
Q

Interaction with aloe

A

Avoid with digoxin and diuretics (lowers potassium)
Can increase warfarin effects (bleeding)

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21
Q

Patient teachings for aloe use

A

Monitor for s/s of fluid and electrolyte imbalances if taking as laxative

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22
Q

What herbal remedy is used form menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, PMS, hormones

A

Black cohosh

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23
Q

What hormone does black cohosh substitute

A

Estrogen

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24
Q

Adverse effects of black cohosh

A

Gi upset
Vaginal bleeding
Hepatitis
Blood thinning

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25
Q

Contraindications of black cohosh

A

Pregnancy
Breast cancer
Kidney disease
Liver disease

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26
Q

Interactions with black cohosh

A

Increases effects of:
Anti-hypertensives
Estrogens
BCP
Hypoglycemic risk if taking insulin

Avoid:
Statins
Tylenol
Methotrexate

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27
Q

What herbal supplement is commonly used for the common cold and boasting immunity

A

Echinacea

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28
Q

Actions of echinacea

A

Treat viruses
Activate immune system

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29
Q

Adverse effects of echinacea

A

Bitter
GI upset
Fever
Allergic reaction

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30
Q

Contraindications for echinacea

A

Immunocompromised

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31
Q

What herbal supplement is used for migraines and arthritis

A

Feverfew

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32
Q

Actions of feverfew

A

Block platelet aggregation
Blocks factor causing migraines

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33
Q

Adverse effects of feverfew

A

GI upset
Aggravate bleeding
Post fever few syndrome (do not withdraw abruptly in order to avoid)

34
Q

Contraindications of feverfew

A

Blood thinners
Pregnancy
Surgery (dc 2 weeks prior)

35
Q

What dietary supplement is used to reduce atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension

A

Garlic

36
Q

Actions of garlic

A

Release enzyme allicin
Blocks LDL
Increased HDL
Suppresses platelet aggregation
Vasodilation

37
Q

Adverse effects of garlic

A

GI upset, bad breath, body order, increase bleeding

38
Q

Contraindications of garlic

A

NSAIDS
Heparin
Warfarin
Hemophilia
Surgery (stop 2 weeks prior)

39
Q

What herbal supplement helps with nausea, upset stomach, morning sickness, and motion sickness

A

Ginger root

40
Q

Action of ginger root

A

Relives vertigo and nausea
Increases gastric motility
Decreased GI spasms
Suppresses platelet aggregation

41
Q

Adverse effects of ginger root

A

Increased bleeding with blood thinners
Hypoglycemia with diabetic drugs

42
Q

Contraindications of ginger root

A

Increase risk of miscarriage
Risk of bleeding with blood thinners

43
Q

What herbal supplement has blood thinning effects

A

Ginkgo biloba

44
Q

Actions of ginkgo biloba

A

Vasodilation
Decreases platelet aggregation
Increased blood flow to brain

45
Q

Adverse effects of ginkgo biloba

A

GI upset
Possible seizures

46
Q

Contraindications of ginkgo biloba

A

Blood thinners
Antihistamines
Antidepressants
Antipsychotics
Epilepsy

47
Q

What herbal supplement is used for osteoarthritis

A

Glucosamine

48
Q

Actions of glucosamine

A

Stimulates cells to make cartilage and synovial fluid
Suppresses inflammation of joins

49
Q

Adverse effects glucosamine

A

Nausea
Heartburn
Bleeding

50
Q

Contraindications of glucosamine

A

Shellfish
Anticoagulants

51
Q

What herbal supplement is used for insomnia, anxiety, and muscle cramping

A

Kava

52
Q

Actions of kava

A

Acts on GABA receptors of CNS
Promotes sleep
Decreased anxiety
Muscle relaxant

53
Q

Adverse effects of kava

A

Dry, flaky skin
Liver injury with large doses

54
Q

Contraindications of kava

A

CND depressants, ETOH

55
Q

What herbal supplement is used for mild pain and depression

A

St. John’s wort

56
Q

Action of St. John’s wort

A

Increase serotonin
Reduces pain and inflammation

57
Q

Adverse effects st John’s wort

A

Dry mouth
Lightheadedness
Constipation
GI upset
Skin rash with sun exposure

58
Q

Contraindications of St. John’s wort

A

Antidepressants
Amphetamine
Cocaine

59
Q

Patient teachings for use of St. John’s wort

A

Avoid excessive sun exposure

60
Q

What herbal supplement is used for benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Saw Palmetto

61
Q

Action of saw palmetto

A

Decrease prostate enlargement

62
Q

Adverse effects saw palmetto

A

GI upset
Blood thinning

63
Q

Contraindications saw palmetto

A

Pregnancy X
Finasteride
Anticoagulants

64
Q

What herbal supplement is used for insomnia and anxiety

A

Valerian

65
Q

Action of valerian

A

Increase GABA system

66
Q

Adverse effects of valerian

A

Drowsiness
Lightheadedness
Depressive effects
Risk of dependency

67
Q

Contraindications of valerian

A

Pregnancy
Breastfeeding
CNS depressant
ETOH
Mental health disorders

68
Q

Patient teachings with valerian

A

Patients should know how the supplement makes you feel prior to driving.

69
Q

What herbal supplement is used for hypertriglyceridemia, reducing risk of MI and stroke,enhance brain function, enhance visual acuity, and inflammatory conditions

A

Omega 3 fatty acids

70
Q

Actions of omega 3 fatty acids

A

Blocks production of thromboxane, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes

71
Q

Adverse effects of omega 3 fatty acids

A

Belching
GI upset
Fishy taste
Arthralgia

72
Q

Contraindications of omega 3 fatty acids

A

Pregnancy category C
Fish/ seafood allergy

73
Q

Patient teachings with omega 3 fatty acids

A

Ask about allergies
(Fish/seafood allergy)

74
Q

What herbal remedy is used for improved memory, Alzheimer’s,erectile dysfunction, increasing sexual stimuli, fatigue in those with MS

A

Ginseng

75
Q

Actions of ginseng

A

Ginsenosides

76
Q

Adverse effects of ginseng

A

Insomnia
Hypoglycemia
Bleeding

77
Q

Contraindications of ginseng

A

Pregnancy
Bleeding disorders
Warfarin
Autoimmune conditions

78
Q

Patient teachings for ginseng

A

S/s of toxicity
Should not be taken longer than 3 months.

79
Q

Which herb supplement is used for pain, fibromyalgia, neuropathies, cachexia

A

Cannabis

80
Q

Actions of cannabis

A

Activates cannabinols receptors.

81
Q

Adverse effects of cannabis

A

Increased heart rate and appetite
Sleepiness,dizziness
Dry mount and eyes
Hallucination
Paranoia
Anxiety
Impaired attention
Dependency

82
Q

Xontrajndications of cannabis

A

Asthma
Cardiac disease

Pharm 1 (3 decks)

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