Module 2: Adverese Drug Effects, Drug Interactions, Geriatrics Flashcards
Adverse effect
Undesirable/unintended effect of a drug.
ALWAY harmful.
Side effects
Predictable effect from use of drug.
Have potential to be therapeutic.
Drug classes most likely to cause allergic reactions:
Penicillin
Sulpha drugs and other antibiotics
Contrast media with iodine
NSAIDS
Chemotherapy
Anti-convulsants
Preservatives in drugs
Risks for drug induced kidney injury
Dehydration
BUN 6-20 mg/dL
Cr 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Hx of renal impairment
Use of other nephrotoxic drugs
Nephrotoxicity
Drugs that cause harm to nephrons of kidney
Common drugs to stop AKI
DAAMN!
D: diuretics
A: ACEi/ARBS (nephroprotective in chronic, nephrotoxic in AKI)
A: Aminoglycosides
M: Metformin
N: NSAIDS
Ototoxicity
Drugs that may cause harm to ear.
Damage to 8th cranial nerve
Hepatotoxicity
Drugs that may cause damage to liver
List some adverse dermatologic reactions
Uticaria
Angioedema
Stevens Johnson Syndrome
Photosensitivity
Cardiotoxicity
Drugs that may cause harm to heart
High risk medications with low therapeutic index:
A-PINCH
A-PINCH
A: Anti-infectives
P: Potassium and other electrolytes
I:Insulin
N: Narcotics and other sedatives
C: Chemotherapeutic agents
H: Heparin and other anticoagulants
Poly pharmacy
Use of 5+ medications to treat a patient
List some reason for nonadherence and drug mistakes in elderly
Visual impairment to find bottle
Functional impairment to open bottle
Cognitive impairment to remember bottle
Hearing impairment to listen to advice and directions
Affordability
Beers list
Guidelines to help improve safety of prescribing medications for older adults
High risk drugs for elderly
Anti-histamines (-iramine, -amine)
Antipsychotics (-ridone)
Benzodiazepines (-zolam, -zapam)
Digoxin
Muscle relaxants
NSAIDS
Opioids
Blood thinners (-parin)
