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DHS ITF PREP > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

Using Computer Hardware

1
Q

System Memory

A

RAM - temporary storage space for files and programs

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2
Q

DRAM

A

Dynamic RAM - information is lost when power is lost

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3
Q

SDRAM

A

Synchronous Dynamic RAM - The memory module is synchronized with the system clock

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4
Q

DIMM

A

Dual Inline Memory Module - a “stick” of RAM

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5
Q

SO-DIMM

A

Small-Outline DIMM - laptop memory

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6
Q

DDR SDRAM

A

Double Data Rate SDRAM - Sends information more than once per clock cycle

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7
Q

Volatile Storage

A

Storage that loses its information when the power is cut off

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8
Q

Mass Storage Device

A

Used for long-term storage of data (hard drives, solid state drives, etc.)

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9
Q

Optical Drive

A

Uses lasers to read/write information on removable optical discs (CDs, DVDs, Blu-Ray, etc.)

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10
Q

motherboard

A

a large circuit board that most all of the other major components of the PC connect to

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11
Q

printed circuit board

A

A sheet of material that has circuit pathways printed on its surface

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12
Q

chipset

A

provides communication between different components (between the CPU and system memory, for instance)

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13
Q

bus

A

The physical connections between components on the motherboard

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14
Q

system bus

A

The connection between the CPU and the RAM

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15
Q

expansion bus

A

Connects the CPU and add-on devices, such as the NIC, USB devices, etc.

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16
Q

PCI

A

An older bus (1995) that was used to connect devices to a motherboard.

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17
Q

AGP

A

A specialized bus that was used for graphics adapters.

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18
Q

PCIe

A

The most current expansion bus standard.

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19
Q

booting

A

The process a PC goes through when starting up.

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20
Q

firmware

A

Software that is stored semi-permanently on hardware device

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21
Q

BIOS

A

Basic Input Output System - Firmware that contains information on the basic operation of PC components; also contains specific instructions on how to boot the system.

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22
Q

UEFI

A

A newer replacement for BIOS that adds support for more devices (network interface, mouse, etc.) and secure boot options.

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23
Q

CPU

A

Central Processing Unit - the “brains” of the PC

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24
Q

hard disk drive

A

A mass storage device that uses platters coated with a magnetic substance to store information.

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25
Q

solid state drive

A

A mass storage device that uses flash memory to store information. Much faster than a magnetic hard drive, but more expensive.

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26
Q

GPU

A

Graphics Processing Unit - a microprocessor that is used specifically to render graphics for display

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27
Q

NIC

A

Network Interface Card - enables the PC to send and receive information over a network.

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28
Q

microprocessor

A

a programmable integrated circuit

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29
Q

ARM

A

A type of processor that uses a reduced instruction set

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30
Q

control unit

A

The part of the CPU that gets the next instruction and decodes it, or sends it to the ALU or FPU for processing

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31
Q

pipeline

A

The queue of instructions

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32
Q

ALU

A

Arithmetic Logic Unit

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33
Q

FPU

A

Floating Point Unit

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34
Q

register

A

a temporary storage location located within a CPU

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35
Q

x86 instruction set

A

defines a PC as “IBM compatible” - variations of this instruction set are used on most modern desktop PCs

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36
Q

clock speed

A

a measure of how many operations per second a component is capable of performing

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37
Q

symmetric multiprocessing

A

when two or more physical processors are located on a motherboard

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38
Q

chip level multiprocessing

A

when two or more processor “cores” are located on a single chip

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39
Q

HDMI

A

High-definition video connector; can carry video and audio

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40
Q

DVI

A

Video adapter that can support both analog and digital video.

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41
Q

SATA

A

Interface for connecting hard drives. Most current version supports 6 Gbps of data transfer

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42
Q

USB

A

Universal Serial Bus - a standard for connecting peripheral devices to PCs. USB is hot-swappable.

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43
Q

RJ-45

A

Connector used for wired (Ethernet) networking. Looks like a standard phone jack but wider.

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44
Q

Audio Port

A

3.5mm jack for connecting audio components.

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45
Q

Human Interface Devices

A

Devices such as keyboard, mice, gamepads/joysticks

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46
Q

Plug-and-Play

A

A system that supports automatic installation of device drivers. When a user connects a Plug-and-Play device, the system will recognize it and automatically load the appropriate driver.

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47
Q

Driver

A

Software that allows a device to interface with an operating system.

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48
Q

Hot-Swappable

A

Devices can be disconnected and reconnected (or changed) without restarting the system.

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49
Q

USB Type A

A

The standard rectangular-shaped USB connector used to connect to a host machine.

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50
Q

USB Type B

A

The large square-ish shaped connector used to connect to a USB device (usually only found on larger devices, such as printers).

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51
Q

USB Type B Mini

A

A connector used to connect to smaller devices (smartphones, cameras). This is an older connector and is found mostly on older devices.

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52
Q

USB Type B Micro

A

A connector that is used to connect to small devices such as smartphones and digital cameras. This connector is still found on some inexpensive devices but is being replaced by Type C connectors.

53
Q

USB Type C

A

A “rounded rectangle” shaped connector that can be inserted either way. This is the most current type of USB connector used to connect to devices.

54
Q

FireWire

A

A type of connection that supports data rates of up to 800 Mbps. Can be daisy-chained. Was not widely used (except by Apple).

55
Q

Pixel

A

A “dot” made of red, green, and blue “sub-pixels” that makes up part of an image on a screen.

56
Q

Color Depth

A

The number of colors that can be displayed

57
Q

VGA

A

An older video connection type that only supports analog signal.

58
Q

Analog Video

A

Analog signals are represented by a wave that is recorded and replayed. They can degrade over time.

59
Q

Digital Video

A

Digital signals are represented by numbers approximating a wave. The more times the wave is “sampled”, the more accurate the recording. Digital signals have the advantage of not degrading over time.

60
Q

DisplayPort

A

A digital audio/video technology that was developed as a more “open” alternative to HDMI.

61
Q

Thunderbolt

A

A general peripheral interface (can be used to connect many different types of devices). Developed by Intel and used primarily by Apple.

62
Q

Device Manager

A

Windows utility for managing hardware connected to a PC.

63
Q

S/PDIF

A

A type of digital audio connector that supports high-definition audio signals

64
Q

Capacitive Touchscreen

A

A type of touchscreen that uses the electrical conductivity of skin to sense input.

65
Q

Multitouch

A

A type of touchscreen that can sense more than one touch at a time

66
Q

Duplicate Display

A

A type of multi-display option in which the same display is shown on each monitor.

67
Q

Extend Display

A

A type of multi-display option in which more than one monitor is used as one large display.

68
Q

Partition

A

A basic division on a hard drive. A drive must be partitioned before it can be used for anything. A drive may contain one or more partitions.

69
Q

Format

A

process of preparing a data storage device such as a hard disk drive, solid-state drive, floppy disk or USB flash drive for initial use.

70
Q

File System

A

determines how data is stored and retrieved on a drive.

71
Q

System Partition

A

The partition that contains the files needed to boot the computer.

72
Q

Boot Partition

A

The partition where the operating system is located.

73
Q

FAT

A

File Allocation Table - an older file system. FAT32 is still used on some removable drives.

74
Q

NTFS

A

New Technology File System - a file system used in Windows that supports various features including encryption, permissions, etc.

75
Q

UDF

A

Universal Disc Format - a file system used in optical discs like DVDs

76
Q

CDFS

A

CD File System - a file system used for Compact Discs

77
Q

ext3/ext4

A

The file system primarily used in Linux

78
Q

Compression

A

The ability of a file system to make file sizes smaller while stored on disk.

79
Q

Encryption

A

A method of encoding information so that only someone with a key can read it.

80
Q

Permissions

A

A file system feature that can be used to restrict access to certain files to certain users.

81
Q

Journaling

A

A file system feature that keeps track of changes to files.

82
Q

Root folder

A

the directory at the highest level of a hierarchy.

83
Q

“System root”

A

The folder in which Windows is installed, usually C:\Windows

84
Q

Program Files (folder)

A

The folder in which Windows applications are installed by default.

85
Q

Users (folder)

A

The folder in which user profiles are stored in a Windows system.

86
Q

Directory

A

The term used to describe folders in Linux

87
Q

Mount

A

To make a drive available for use by an operating system.

88
Q

File Explorer

A

The interface used to manage files and folders on a Windows machine.

89
Q

User Profile

A

A folder in which a specific user’s files are stored.

90
Q

Library

A

A “virtual” folder that can provide access to all files in a collection at the same time, regardless of where they are stored on disk.

91
Q

Read-only (File attribute)

A

A file with this attribute can be accessed but not modified.

92
Q

Hidden (File attribute)

A

A file with this attribute is not visible in the default view.

93
Q

System (File attribute)

A

Specifies that this file should not be accessible to standard users.

94
Q

Archive (File attribute)

A

Shows whether a file has been changed since the last backup.

95
Q

Full control (File permission)

A

Allows the user to do anything with the object, including change permissions and owner.

96
Q

Modify (File permission)

A

The user may do most things with an object but not change its permissions or owner.

97
Q

Read/list/execute (File permission)

A

The user may view the contents of a file or folder or start a program.

98
Q

Write (File permission)

A

The user may read a file and change it, but not delete it.

99
Q

.txt

A

text file

100
Q

.rtf

A

Rich Text Format - a text file that supports formatting

101
Q

.odf

A

Open Document Format - used with Open Office

102
Q

.doc/.docx

A

Microsoft Word document

103
Q

.xls/.xlsx

A

Microsoft Excel spreadsheet

104
Q

.jpg/.jpeg

A

Digital photo

105
Q

.gif

A

graphic or small animation

106
Q

.tiff

A

image file format

107
Q

.png

A

image file format

108
Q

.bmp

A

Windows-only image file format

109
Q

.mpg

A

video format

110
Q

.mp4

A

video format that supports extras (subtitles, etc.)

111
Q

.flv

A

Flash video

112
Q

.wmv

A

Windows media file

113
Q

.avi

A

older Windows video file

114
Q

.mp3

A

audio, usually music

115
Q

.aac

A

audio file

116
Q

.m4a

A

audio file

117
Q

.flac

A

audio file

118
Q

.wav

A

audio file

119
Q

.exe

A

Windows executable (program) file

120
Q

.msi

A

Windows installer program

121
Q

.app

A

Mac OS executable programs

122
Q

.bat/.cmd/.vbs

A

script files

123
Q

.zip

A

compressed file

124
Q

.tar

A

compressed file

125
Q

.rar

A

compressed file

126
Q

.7z

A

compressed file

127
Q

.gz

A

compressed file

128
Q

.iso

A

disk image file

129
Q

.dmg

A

disk image file

DHS ITF PREP (5 decks)

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