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DHS ITF PREP > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Access control

A

a security technique that regulates who can view or use resources.

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2
Q

Administrator

A

The type of account with the highest privileges on a system

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3
Q

Android

A

A mobile operating system based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software

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4
Q

Application

A

a software program that runs on your computer

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5
Q

Authenticate

A

to verify someone’s identity

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6
Q

BIOS

A

Basic Input/Output System - the firmware embedded in a motherboard that contains information to boot the system, as well as other essential processes

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7
Q

ChromeOS

A

Lightweight operating system developed by Google primarily for use in small laptop PCs

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8
Q

CLI

A

Command Line Interface

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9
Q

Command

A

A specific instruction given to a computer to perform some kind of task or function.

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10
Q

Commercial OS

A

an operating system that is designed to be sold to end users or organizations

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11
Q

Computer

A

A computer can perform each of the following operations on data: input, processing, output, and storage

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12
Q

Computer Management

A

This is used for administrators to change the computer settings and monitor the computer activity.

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13
Q

CPU

A

Central processing unit - the “brains” of the computer where most calculations take place

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14
Q

Data

A

information processed or stored by a computer

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15
Q

Desktop

A

the working area of a computer screen

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16
Q

Disk

A

A computer data storage device

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17
Q

Drive

A

a partition of a hard drive that has been formatted and given a file system and made available for use by the operating system

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18
Q

Driver

A

a program that controls the operation of a device such as a printer or scanner

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19
Q

Embedded system

A

An os that cannot normally be updated or changed - such as in industrial or medical equipment

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20
Q

Ergonomics

A

the study of people’s efficiency in their working environment

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21
Q

Fault tolerance

A

property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure

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22
Q

File system

A

A method of organizing and retrieving files.

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23
Q

Firmware

A

a specific class of computer software that provides the low-level control for the device’s specific hardware.

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24
Q

GUI

A

Graphical User Interface

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25
Hardware
Can be thrown out the window
26
Information Technology
the study or use of systems (especially computers and telecommunications) for storing, retrieving, and sending information
27
Input
Data that is put into the computer for processing.
28
Instructions
an instruction is a single operation of a processor defined by the processor instruction set.
29
Interface
a device or program enabling a user to communicate with a computer
30
iOS
A mobile operating system created and developed by apple inc.
31
IoT
internet of things, like a smart fridge
32
IP cameras
type of digital camera that receives control data and sends image data via the internet
33
Kernel
the central part of an operating system that provides interface between the operating system and the computer hardware
34
Laptop
A computer that is portable and suitable for use while traveling.
35
Linux
An open-source operating system modelled on UNIX. Used widely as a server OS
36
Lock Screen
The screen into which you can input your username and password to unlock a Windows system.
37
macOS
An operating system designed for use on Apple PCs.
38
Mainframe
A large, powerful computer designed to be used by many users at the same time.
39
Management interface
A utility in Windows that allows you to manage and configure various aspects of the system through use of snap-ins.
40
Mass storage
The type of PC storage that is designed for long-term storage of files.
41
Mobile OS
Operating system built specifically for a mobile device.
42
Network
A network is defined as a group of two or more computer systems linked together.
43
Network client
is a software that runs on a client computer and allows it to establish connectivity with services running on server computers.
44
Notification Area
a portion of the taskbar that provides a temporary source for notifications and status
45
OEM
original equipment manufacturer, an organization that makes devices from component parts bought from other organizations.
46
Open-source OS
An operating system that has its source code open for anyone to change
47
Operating System
Software that supports a computer basic functions
48
Output
information sent to an external device from the computer
49
Pagefile
Reserved portion of a hard disk that is used as an extension of RAM for data that has not used recently.
50
Peripheral Device
A device designed to be used with a PC (such as a mouse, keyboard, etc.)
51
Pin (pin to Start menu)
a term first introduced in Windows 7 that describes permanently placing a shortcut on the Taskbar or Start menu
52
Power-On Self-Test
During startup, a PC will check all its internal components before booting the system
53
Principle of least privilege
The idea that users should only have enough privileges on a system in order to do their jobs, and nothing more.
54
Privileges
Authority to perform an action on a computer system
55
Process
Instance of a computer program running in a computer.
56
Processing
When a computer system performs calculations or other actions on a bit of data
57
Real Time Operating System
An operating system designed to be used in a very time-critical situation (such as in medical equipment).
58
Regedit
The Windows Registry Editor
59
Repetitive Strain Injury
An injury caused by repetitive use of tendons, muscles, or other body parts (such as improper use of a computer/peripherals)
60
Server
a computer or computer program which manages access to a centralized resource or service in a network
61
Server OS
OS specifically designed to be used on servers
62
Service
A computer process that runs in the background and is not designed to interact with the user
63
Shell
The component of an operating system that is designed to interact with the user (such as a command-line interface or a graphical user interface)
64
Shortcut
A way to easily access a computer program (as in, a desktop shortcut that you can double-click on to launch a program)
65
Smartphone
A small handheld device (screen size under 7") that can perform many of the same functions as a PC
66
Snap-in
Specific management tools that are designed to be used with Management Interfaces.
67
Software
A computer program
68
Standard user
User account with limited privileges that is used for general tasks
69
Start Screen/Menu
A menu that is launched when you press the Windows Start button. It contains shortcuts to all the installed software on the system as well as other utilities. In Windows 8, the Start Screen took up the entire screen.
70
Static environment
Referring to an embedded operating system, a static environment is one that is not designed to change. This is in contrast to a dynamic environment provided by Windows (for example), in which the user can add or remove software and hardware
71
Storage
Any component of a computer system that can save data for retrieval later (referring to mass storage and system memory)
72
System Memory
RAM - stores data that is currently being used by the system
73
Tablet
A mobile device that consists primarily of a touchscreen and has a screen size of 7" or greater
74
Taskbar
A bar usually located at the bottom of the screen in Windows that contains the Start button, pinned shortcuts, notification area, etc.
75
UEFI
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface - a replacement for the older BIOS that performs similar functions plus more.
76
Unix
A family of operating systems that is primarily used on high-powered workstations. It is widely used as a server OS.
77
User
someone who is using a computer system
78
User Account Control
It is a security feature implemented starting in Windows Vista that helps prevent unauthorized changes to the operating system by requiring confirmation/authorization before any action that needs elevated privileges (such as installing new software)
79
Virtual memory
Virtual memory is a memory management capability of an operating system (OS) that uses hardware and software to allow a computer to compensate for physical memory shortages by temporarily transferring data from random access memory (RAM) to disk storage.
80
Windows
Windows is a series of operating systems developed by Microsoft.
81
Workstation
A PC designed for use by a single person at a time
82
Workstation OS
An operating system designed for use on a workstation.

DHS ITF PREP (5 decks)

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