Module 3

Question 1

Last protective apron is not being used, the primary personnel dosimeter should be worn

Answer 1

At collar level attached to the person’s clothing on the front of the body

Question 2

Monitor for embryo – fetus

Answer 2

Worn in addition to primary dosimeter to record the radiation dose of the abdomen during gestation

Question 3

What are the four types of personnel dosimeters?

Answer 3

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)
Film badges
Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD)
Pocket ionization chambers

Question 4

Advantages of OSL

Answer 4

Lightweight, durable, easy to carry, gives accurate readings as low as 1 mrem 4x and GammaRay, can be used for one year, reasonably inexpensive to purchase and maintain, heat, moisture and pressure will not affect the dosimeter

Question 5

Disadvantages of OSL

Answer 5

Only records occupational exposure in the body area where the device is worn

Question 6

Advantages of film badges

Answer 6

Lightweight, durable, easy to carry, cost efficient monitoring for large numbers of people, provides permanent, legal record of personnel exposure, detects and records small and large exposure to make consistent and reliable manner, not affected by heat, humidity and non-extreme mechanical shock, can indicate whether exposure was from excessive amounts of scatter radiation or a single exposure from primary being

Question 7

Disadvantages of film badges

Answer 7

Records only exposure received in the body area where it is worn, high temperatures and excessive humidity can cause film in the batch to Falk over long periods of time if this occurs it will produce an inaccurate exposure reading, exposure not determinable on day of occurrence, accuracy limited 2+ -20%

Question 8

Advantages of thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)

Answer 8

Not affected by humidity, pressure, or normal temperature change, can be worn up to three months, after reading has been obtained the TLD crystals can be reused making it somewhat cost-effective

Question 9

Disadvantages of thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)

Answer 9

Ratings may be lost if not carefully recorded, readout process destroys information stored in TLD, does not provide a permanent legal record of exposure.

Question 10

Advantages of pocket ionization chambers

Answer 10

Small, compact, easy to carry and use, reasonably accurate and sensitive, can be used for procedures that lasts a short time, immediate exposure readout

Question 11

Disadvantages of pocket ionization chambers

Answer 11

Not cost-effective for large numbers of people, readings may be lost if not carefully recorded, dosimeter must be calibrated to zero for each use, mechanical shock can cause a false high reading, no permanent or legal record of exposure.

Question 12

What are the three different gas filled radiation detectors?

Answer 12

Cutie pie, proportional counter, Geiger Muller detector

Question 13

What type of monitoring instruments are considered field instruments?

Answer 13

Cutie pie, proportional counter, Geiger Muller Detector

Question 14

Requirements for radiation survey instruments are?

Answer 14

Must be portable, durable, reliable, should interact with ionizing radiation similarly to the way human tissue reacts, should be able to detect all common types of ionizing radiation, energy of the radiation should not significantly affect the response of the detector, should be cost effective, should be calibrated annually to ensure accurate operation

Question 15

Cutie pie

Answer 15

Ionization chamber survey meter, use for area surveys or team of exposure, measures X. radiation and gamma radiation, measures intensity ranging from 10 to several thousand micrograys per hour, instrument of choice when determining exposure rates from patients containing therapeutic doses of radioactive material or when assessing exposure rates and radioisotope storage facilities

Question 16

Advantages of the cutie pie

Answer 16

Ability to measure wide range of radiation exposures within a few seconds while overbroad expanse of radiation energies

Question 17

Disadvantages of the cutie pie

Answer 17

Without adequate warm-up time, it’s neater drifts and produces an inaccurate reading, cannot be used to measure exposures produced by typical diagnostic procedures because the exposure time is too short for the meter to respond

Question 18

Proportional counter

Answer 18

Not useful in diagnostic imaging, generally used in laboratory setting, the tax alpha and beta radiation and other types of low-level radioactive contamination

Question 19

Geiger Muller detector

Answer 19

Primary portable radiation survey instrument for area monitoring in nuclear medicine facilities, can easily detect any area contaminated by radioactive material, can be used to locate a lost radioactive source or low-level radioactive contamination

Question 20

Disadvantages of the Geiger Muller

Answer 20

Likely to saturate or jam when placed in high-intensity radiation area if this occurs false readings are given

Question 21

When this personnel monitoring required?

Answer 21

Whenever radiation workers are likely to risk receiving 10% or more of the annual occupational effective dose limits of 50mSv in any one year due to their work-related activities

Question 22

Why do healthcare facilities issue dosimeter devices?

Answer 22

To keep radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable, when personnel could receive approximate 1% of the annual occupational effective dose limit any month or approximately 0.04mSv

Question 23

During high-level radiation procedures imaging should professional should wear their dosimeter on:

Answer 23

The outside of the garment of the collar not under the fire related or lead apron

Question 24

Two pregnant radiation workers need to wear an additional dosimeter?

Answer 24

Yes, beneath a lead apron to monitor the abdomen and estimate the equivalent dose to the embryo/fetus

Question 25

When are TLD rings worn?

Answer 25

Under certain conditions when hands are near the primary beam

Question 26

What is a part of each radiation worker’s employment permanent record?

Answer 26

Healthcare facilities must maintain a record of exposure/exposure record from personal dosimeters.