Module 3 & 4 Flashcards
research with the specific purpose of answering research questions that lend themselves to study through the collection of numerical data
purpose
research’s inherent understanding of reality and truth as perceived by the researchers themselves
ontology
the overall understanding of how knowledge is created or shared
epistemology
each individual in the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample
random sample
the population that is came from on all characteristics except total size
*like the population except smaller in size
representative sample
nonrandom samples are said to be biased samples because they are almost always systematically different rom the population on certain characteristics
biased
manipulating variables in a controlled environment to isolate the causal effects of a particular variable or set of variables
experimental
experiment without randomization
quasi-experimental
studies that look at relationships between variables
correlation
a numerical index that provides information about the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables
*is a number that can range from -1 to 1 with zero standing for no correlation at all
correlation coefficient
present when scores on two variables tend to move in the same direction
positive correlation
present when the scores on two variables tend to move in opposite directions
negative correlation
studies that examine prediction of future levels of a variable
predicative
studies that examine how different pre-existing groups vary on a variable or variables
casual comparative
a condition or characteristic that can take on different values or categories such as age, grade point average, test scores, and gender
variables
something that does not change, but takes on a single value
constant
presume to cause changes to occur in another vairable
independent variable
changes effected by another variable
dependent variable
comes in between other variables
mediating intervening variable
how relationship changes under different conditions
moderator variable
may compete with the independent variable in explaining an outcome
extraneous variable
estimate the characteristics of populations based on their sample data
estimation
test specific hypotheses about populations based on their sample data
hypothesis testing
quantitative researchers use the laws of probability to make inferences about population based on sample data
inferential statistics
7 major sections in a QL report
1) title page 2) abstract 3)Introduction 4) method 5) Results 6) discussion 7)references
studying real-world situations as they unfold naturally in a non-manipulative and non-controlling way
naturalistic inquiry
to understand people, groups and setting sin all of their complexity- includes developing an understanding of multiple dimensions and layers of reality, such as the subgroups in a group, how they think, how they interact, what kinds of agreements or norms are present, and how these dimensions come together to interact as a community
holistic dimensions of community
9 components of QL Research
1) Purpose 2) Research Questions 3) Assumptions 4) sampling methods 5) data collection 6) research methods 7) quality criteria 8) Data analysis () report writing
the qualitative researcher constantly tries to understand the people he or she is observing from the participants’ or natives’ or actors’ viewpoints
empathetic understanding
the searcher’s inherent understanding of reality and truth as perceived by the researchers themselves
ontology
acts as the overall understanding of how knowledge is created or shared
epistemology
the use of multiple forms of data to capture a single phenomenon
*is said to occur when your results converge on the same conclusion
Triangulation
the resarcher assumes that each case is special and inque
unique case orientation
Philosophy
Phenomenology
antrhopology
ethnography
human storytelling and education
narrative inquiry
multi-disciplinary
case study
sociology
grounded theory
researcher seeks immersion in the details and specifics of the data to discover important patterns, themes, and interrelationships
inductive analysis and creative synthesis
the whole phenomenon under study is understood as a complex system that is more than the sum of its parts
* the focus is on complex inderdependcies and system dynamics that cannot meaningfully be reduced to a dew discrete variables and linear, cause-effect relationships
holistic perspective
researcher places findings in a social, historical, and temporal context and is careful about, even dubious of, the possibility or meaningfulness of generalizations across time and space
context sensitivity
the qualitative analyst owns and is reflective about her or his own voice and perspective; a credible voice conveys authenticity and trustworthiness
voice, perspective, and reflexivity
