Module 1 & Module 2

Question 1

an attempt to describe the characteristics of a phenomenon

Answer 1

descriptive research

Question 2

an attempt to show how and why a phenomenon operates as it does

Answer 2

explanatory research

Question 3

seeks to forecast a phenomenon, where in there is an association made between two points in time

Answer 3

predictive research

Question 4

consolidating insights from multiple investigators, theories/ perspectives, sets of data, methods in order to understand a given entity of study. Emic or Etic

Answer 4

Integration

Question 5

concerned with developing judgments of how a program can be improved and aids developers and staff design and implement programs.

Answer 5

formative evaluation

Question 6

focuses on cultivating judgments of a program’s effectiveness and any decisions regarding continuation

Answer 6

summative evaluation

Question 7

“theory of knowledge and its justification” including its nature, process of generation, how it is necessary, and the standards that are used to judge its adequacy

Answer 7

epistemology

Question 8

the idea that all knowledge comes from experience

Answer 8

empiricism or experience

Question 9

the philosophical idea that reason is the primary source of knowledge

Answer 9

reasoning or rationalism

Question 10

the process of drawing a conclusion that is essentially true if the underlying premises are true

Answer 10

deductive reasoning

Question 11

holds that thefoundational premises act as helpful but not decisive reasons towards acceptance of a conclusion

Answer 11

inductive reasoning

Question 12

the future might not resemble the past

Answer 12

problem of induction

Question 13

characteristics of individuals and individual-level phenomena Example learning disabilities

Answer 13

psychological factors

Question 14

examining how individuals interact and relate to one another and how groups and individuals affect one another ex: middle school cliques

Answer 14

social psychological factors

Question 15

examining how groups form and change; documenting the characteristics of groups; studying intergoup relations; and studying group level phenomena ex: high school student government relations

Answer 15

sociological factors

Question 16

simple, concise, and succinct

Answer 16

rule of parsimony

Question 17

• has survived numerous attempts by researchers to falsify it
• researchers should not selectively search for confirming evidence for their beliefs and explanations and then stop with only that so-called evidence

Answer 17

criterion of falsifiability

Question 18

other researchers conduct replication studies, examining the same variables with different participants in different techniques, thereby adding confidence to a research finding because the resulting evidence is much stronger

Answer 18

the principle of evidence