Module 3 Flashcards
What function do the lungs serve
they act as the location for gas exchange, and as the boundary between atmosphere and venous blood
What changes in ventilation during exercise? Why?
it increases to balance O2 consumption and CO2 production AKA maintains acid base balance
What are the alveoli
the point of gas exchange
how many alveoli are there
more than 500 million in the lungs. their surface area is 85m^2/4L, internal surface of 100m^2/L?
What are the zones of ventilation from top to bottom
trachea
primary bronchus
bronchus
bronchi
bronchioles
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
What is inspiration/expiration dependent on?
primary: the pressure differential (pressure diff between atmosphere and alveoli)
secondary: acid base balance
What is boyles law
when temp is constant, the product of pressure and volume remains constant.
what is the formula for boyles law
P1V1 = P2V2
How is CO2 formed?
by metabolism (of carb, fat etc?)
How is air moved in and out of the lungs
Diaphragm creates vacuum essentially
How do ATP demands affect breathing?
increased ATP demands = increased ventilation
Increased ATP levels = feedback inhibition to slow breathing
what occurs with increased ATP demand
increased oxygen demand
increased respiration (detected by chemoreceptors)
What occurs with increased ATP levels in the body
decreased oxygen demand
decreased respiration
define minute ventilation
the amount of air one breathes in a minute
what is the formula for VE
VE = fb x vt
fb = breathing frequency
vt = tidal volume
at rest, what is vt and fb
vt = 500mL
fb = 12 breaths/minute
What are the concentrations of atmospheric gas
O2 = 20.93%
CO2 = 0.03%
inert gases (N2) = 79.04%
what is dalton’s law
the total pressure of non-reactive gases is equal to the sum of the individual partial pressures
what equation represents dalton’s law
Partial pressure = concentration (%) x total pressure
what is 1 standard atmosphere equal to
760mmHg at sea level. at high altitude it is 220mmHg
What are the key gas change parameters
VO2, VCO2, Ve, RER
What is open circuit spirometry
using ambient air, measures O2 uptake and CO2 production
what is the formula for VO2
VO2 = diff in inhalation and exhalation
define hyperventilation
rapid and deep breathing