Module 3 Flashcards
What are 3rd generation rights?
- rights impacting communities/groups
- emphasizes collective rights
- may be previously enshrined but now reframed on a larger scale
- also called solidarity rights
What was the context for 3rd gen rights?
- decolonization
- globalization
- capitalism
- imperialism
What are some examples of solidarity rights?
- self determination/sovereignty
- economic development
- healthy environment
- natural resources
How does the “declaration of independence of the democratic republic of Vietnam” fall under sovereignty and solidarity?
Sovereignty: from france and japan
Solidarity: peace, education, expression
What is colonialism?
- territorial conquest/occupation/control of one country by another
- often involved large scale settlement leading to inequality and exploitation
What is imperialism?
- economic system where wealthy states control other societies
- long distance ties
What are some examples of global capitalism consolidation?
- Monroe Doctrine 1823 (opposed Eu expansion in South America)
- Atlantic Charter 1941 (self-determination of colonies post-war)
- cold war and non-alignment countries
Liberal Perspectives post WW1
- Woodrow Wilson “equality of rights”
- CP rights embedded in liberal democracy
- Global capitalism is the key to freedom
- LoN est
Socialist Perspective post WW1
- Bolshevik revolution
- rights internationalist
- based in class struggle, SE rights for workers
Why did the League fail?
- America did not join due to autonomy policies and lack of support, despite being founded on Wilsons 14pts
- failed because it did not stop WW2
What are nations?
- A people who inhabit a defined territory and are governed by a single political and legal system
- “traditional” if based on culture
- “modern” if not based on culture
Rosa Luxembourg’s perspective
- Cautioned against the rise of ethnic nationalism led by elites from the standpoint of economic materialism
- Cannot assume economic independence from political independence
What was the ‘storm’?
- Over 3 dozen new countries formed in Asia and Africa between 1945-1970
- Cold war galvanized some struggles, stalled others
- outcomes varied from liberal to socialist to non-alignment
What is non-alignment?
- based on human rights, non-aggression and non-intervention
- protect independence and resist colonialism
- yugoslavia, egypt, india, indonessia, ghana
What were the raging 60s?
- decolonial solidarity from Europe and North America
- decolonial scholars became widely read
- Violent responses or involvement galvanized radicalism in North America
Examples of self-determination
- Un covenant 1966 - “All peoples have the right of self determination”
- Partition in India - 800k deaths, “she (India) must be free and independent” Gandhi
- Vietnamese revolt against Fr took 9yrs declared in 1965
- 1950s African colonies became liabilities (except Algeria)
- Algeria freed after 8yr war in 1962
What is Zionism?
- Idea originated by Herzl who established the need for a Jewish state
- quest for “self-determination”, chose Palestine due to ‘emptiness’
- Palestine had 700k inhabitants
Balfour Declaration
- 1917
- “nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine”
Palestine’s encounters with colonialism
- 400 years of Ottoman rule
- WW1 led to the crumbling of the Ottoman Empire, GB started occupying then Greater Syria
- 1923 Gb had control
- Jewish militias took control, Israel formed by UN in 1948
- 1967 Israel expands into West Bank and Gaza
What is the Nakba?
- Catastrophe, continuous
Current perspectives
- ICJ has found plausible evidence for genocide
- “mutual acceptance can only be based on complete equality of rights” Khalidi
What is TIPNIS issue?
- Highway the Bolivian state is trying to build on indigenous Amazonian lowlands
- Government did not consult indigenous population
- Not agricultural land, rather communities that live off the land
- project cancelled but deforestation persists
What rights are being claimed by the Bolivian State?
- right to develop by harvesting cocoa beans and implementing the highway
What rights are being claimed by the TIPNIS?
- Sovereignty is embedded in the constitution (‘mother earth’ rights) and want a reinforcement of that
- right to the environment
What is the TIPNIS paradox?
the rights are at odds with each other
What is the ILO 169
- Established rights for indigenous people as a specific group entitled to specific rights
- culture, education, territory, consultation on resources
What is UNDRIP 2008
- Recognizes self-determination over lands and resources
- recognizes consent in conjunction with consultation
