Module 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What was the context to the industrial age?
A
- Growing social hardships as the rural poor migrated to industry causing urban poverty
- Rebellion led to a revival of rights discourse, which was fueled by liberal intransigence
2
Q
How did aristocrats try to counteract revolution?
A
Reimplementing religion
3
Q
What was the most advanced society in the industrial age?
A
Britain, industrially and socially
4
Q
what was the 1848 French Revolution at the Paris Commune?
A
- Blanc and socialists established workshops for unemployed, was dissolved
- 20k took arms against the government on the “Bloody June Days”
- 10k wounded or died in 3 days, 11k prisoners deported
- Again in 1871 the guard was sent to the commune killing 15k and deporting survivors in one week
5
Q
American Civil War and Anti-Slavery
A
- Immigrants brought human rights ideas from their homelands
- Viewpoints developed up to the end of the Civil war would be greatly challenged in WW1
6
Q
Challenging the Liberal Vision
A
- Liberalists inflamed the socialist hope for justice but failed to share the power
- New perspective on rights needed w/o liberalism
- Hegel wanted a liberal state with 3 classes (agri, business, civil)
7
Q
Capitalism
A
- Economic system where wage-labour prevails and property is private
- produces inequality by class
8
Q
What did the industrial revolution produce (other than technology)?
A
- urbanization
- pollution
- life expectancy of 30-35yrs
- Work time of 12-16hrs, 6 days a week
9
Q
The First International
A
- International working class association
- 1864-73 Geneva
- up to 150k members
- would send financial support to striking unions
10
Q
what did Marx say at the first first international summit?
A
“international rule will be peace, because its national ruler will be everywhere the same!”
11
Q
Positive Rights
A
- Rights that require action
12
Q
What were some victories by the end of the 19th century?
A
- Restricted some kinds of labour
- 8-10hr work days
- ‘special’ labour rights for women and kids
13
Q
Challenge at the end of the 19th century
A
- shift to state-centrism with the rise of the european nation state
- anti-capitalist agenda lost due to reforms
- socialist v. liberal embedded in politics
14
Q
ILO 1914
A
- led by governments rather than working people
15
Q
Economic and Political exclusion in South Africa
A
- Poverty is structural and intentionally geographic
- ward committees dominated by the same parties
- municipalities are technocratic: top down management
