Module 3 Flashcards
Modernism had an emphasis on the _____________ and _____________ of materials, techniques, and process.
development, improvement
What did Modernism reject?
History and conservative values
What inspired the design movements in Modernism?
Colonization
Who wanted to uplift both the worker and the designer?
William Morris
Describe the appearance of works created in the Arts and Crafts Movement.
- illuminated manuscript
- Incunabula Gothic typefaces
Who established the Century Guild?
Arthur H. Mackmurdo
Arts and Crafts book designer who was part of the Century Guild
Selwyn Image
Term used to describe the West’s maina for Japanese things in the late 19th century.
Japonisme
How did prints, calligraphy, etc. of the Japanese spread through Europe?
trade and communication
Name three popular Japanese artists in the 19th Century.
Hiroshige Ando
Utamaro Kitagawa
Hokusai Katsushika
What kind of style has screen paintings depicting the entertainment districts?
Ukiyo-e
What is the literal meaning of “ukiyo-e?”
Pictures of the floating world
Describe the art style of Art Nouveau.
- Flat and bold lines
- Limited color palette
- Visual quality is organic, plantlike
Common imagery in Art Nouveau
Vine tendrils, flowers (rose and lily), birds, human female form
Who made the Orphee aux Enfers and chose bold lines, primary colors, gestural figures, and bold lettering?
Jules Cheret
Whose subject matter was usually Parisian nightlife (ex. cabarets)?
Henry de Toulouse-Lautrec
What artist has the most popular look of art nouveau?
Alphonse Mucha
Who was the actress that Mucha designed posters for?
Sarah Bernhardt
Art Nouveau in Germany is called __________.
Jugendstil
What did Jugendstil blend together?
curvilinear stylization and realism
Who was the leading proponent of Jugendstil?
Otto Eckmann
What was the typeface developed by Eckmann that is considered a Jugendstil typeface?
EckmannScrift
Who was controversial because of his queer artworks?
Peter Behrens
What movement challenged the conventions of Victorian designers by proving that inventions of new forms can become successful?
Art nouveau
Who established “The Glasgow Four?”
- Charles Rennie Mackintosh
- J. Herbert McNair
- Margaret MacDonald
- Frances MacDonald
What inspired the Glasgow Four?
- Frank Lloyd White
- “The Studio” by Aubrey Beardsley and Jan Troop
Describe the art style of the Glasgow school.
- symbolic imagery
- bold, simple lines
- flat panes of color
- looooong abstract human figures
What movement was started by a group of Austrian artists who resigned from the Association of Austrian artists?
Vienna Secession
Who led the Vienna Secession movement, which was a countermovement against Art Nouveau?
Gustav Klimt
Describe the art style of Vienna Secession.
- Posters were allegorical styles of symbolist paintings, shifted to French floral style
- Clean, simple, sans-serif lettering
- Flat, blocking slabs, fully calligraphic forms
What is the official magazine of the Vienna Secession?
Ver Sacrum
What was different about Ver Sacrum?
The format is a SQUARE magazine!
Describe the art style of Vienna Secession.
- Decorative ornaments, patterns, borders, etc.
- Overall page layouts were refined, concise
- Limited color palette
Who made the illustration of a duchess and page from “Early Spring?”
Koloman Moser
Who made the Ver Sacrum calendar?
Alfred Roller
Who is the First Industrial Designer?
Peter Behrens
What is the book that first used a sans serif type as a running book text?
Celebration of Life and Art: A Consideration of the Theater as the Highest Symbol of a Culture
Who developed the typeface, “Helvetica?”
Akzidenz Grotesk
Behrens’ work changed when he was influenced by _______________.
Mathieu Lauweriks
Based from the classical era, which is Ancient Greek and Rome.
Neoclassicism Art
Had a pragmatic emphasis on technology, manufacturing processes.
Sachlichkeit
Describe the art of the New Objectivity Movement.
- very geometric, modern
- no visible figures seen
- abstract; squares and circles
- grid
What movement entails the reduction of details in favor of form?
Pictorial Modernism
Who started the movement of Pictorial Modernism?
James Pryde
What was the name of William Nicholson’s and James Pryde’s collaboration?
The Beggarstaff Brothers
Describe the style of Pictorial Modernism.
- Collage technique
- cut paper
- negative space
- intentionally incomplete
What is the style that was a German poster style with bold, solid colors, and straightforward branding?
Plakatstil
Who started the Plakatstil style?
Lucien Bernhard
Who hosted the poster contest where Bernhard lost? (CLUE: matches)
Priester matches
What was the goal of Plakatstil?
It was a reaction to art nouveau and aimed to reduce graphics to its simplest forms.
Who were hired to emulate Bernhard’s iconic style in their own ways?
- Hans Rudi Erdt
- Julius Gipkens
- Julius Klinger
Who designed the Opel automobiles and Neverfail safe posters?
Hans Rudi Erdt
What style featured hyperrealistic photos like a photograph but was focused on having only the object in the design?
Sachplakat
What is the art and design school founded by Walter Gropius?
The Bauhaus
The Bauhaus was founded by?
Walter Gropius
What was the goal of the Bauhaus?
Unite art and craft/industry into one school
What was the main emphasis of The Bauhaus?
Rationality
How was the Bauhaus school important in graphic design?
- Formalized modern design education
- Place for experimentation with existing tech
Who made the Color Sphere in 7 Light Values and 12 Tones?
Johannes Itten
Visual communication using modern art and non-western art
Kandinsky
Materials and principles of design
Itten
Who was the Bauhaus teacher that learned about De Stijl and introduced it to the school?
Lyonel Feininger
Who was the artist that students would go to his house to and was influential in furniture design and typography?
Theo van Doesburg
Hungarian constructivist who became a teacher in Bauhaus, replacing Itten who left
Laszlo Maholy-Nagy
According to Maholy-Nagy, how could photography influence poster design?
Enlargement, distortion, dropouts, double exposure, montage
Who designed the cover for the Bauhaus magazine and is the first director of the Museum in NY?
Herbert Bayer
Who started the Russian Constructivism in Bauhaus?
Laszlo Maholy-Nagy
Why did the Bauhaus school close?
Considered non-German, center for communism and liberal thought by the Nazis
