Module 1

Question 1

Earliest VERSION of written communication

Answer 1

pictures and simple images

Question 2

What groups used CAVE PAINTINGS in early society?

Answer 2

elders, leaders, shamans

Question 3

Who said that “…paintings as hunting magic, meant to increase the number of animals…”

Answer 3

Abbe Breuil

Question 4

What were used by humans to mark the walls of caves?

Answer 4

• Charcoal
• Iron oxide
• Manganese oxide
• Yellow ochre
• Hematite mixed with animal fat

Question 5

Concept, object, activity, place, or event via ILLUSTRATION

Answer 5

pictogram

Question 6

Graphical symbol representing an IDEA rather than a group of letters

Answer 6

ideogram

Question 7

Single grapheme representing a word or a morpheme (unit of language); combined with other symbols to make a coherent thought

Answer 7

logogram

Question 8

Image that actually represents a word or parts of words; uses sounds of word-image relationships

Answer 8

rebus

Question 9

Fertile Crescent; now known as Iraq

Answer 9

Mesopotamia

Question 10

Who made the CUNEIFORM

Answer 10

Sumerians

Question 11

Used ideographs and iconography to represent abstract concepts; used pictures to represent sound

Answer 11

Cuneiform

Question 12

Consisted of pictograms that depicted objects or beings combined together to designate ideas, phonograms denote sounds, and determinatives to identify categories

Answer 12

Hieroglyphs

Question 13

What are hieroglyphs mostly used for?

Answer 13

Religious purposes

Question 14

What groups of people in Egypt were allowed to use hieroglyphs?

Answer 14

Royalty and religious figures

Question 15

What are the three languages in the Rosetta Stone?

Answer 15

Ancient Egypt hieroglyphs
Egyptian demotic script
Greek

Question 16

Who realized that the Rosetta Stone text was a translation of each other?

Answer 16

Jean-François Champollion

Question 17

What empire further developed the Phoenician Alphabet?

Answer 17

European Empire

Question 18

What is the source of all modern scripts in Europe that uses geometric structure and order to letters

Answer 18

Greek alphabet

Question 19

Rounder writing system

Answer 19

uncial

Question 20

What language was made entirely out of consonants and was the basis of the Greek Alphabet?

Answer 20

Phoenician Alphabet

Question 21

What empire used the Greek Alphabet as a foundation of their uppercase alphabet?

Answer 21

Roman Empire

Question 22

Origin of Roman serifs

Answer 22

Believed that is where the chiseled mark begins and where the letter ends

Question 23

Imaginary line that the letters would “sit” upon
that created a more uniformed, clean aesthetic

Answer 23

baseline

Question 24

Written carefully and slowly with a flat pen with stately proportions and clear legibility

Answer 24

Capitalis Quadrata

Question 25

Condensed letterforms that were written quickly and saved some space

Answer 25

Capitalis Rustica

Question 26

Why was the Capitalis Rustica created?

Answer 26

Done due to expensive parchment and papyrus

Question 27

What is the precursor to lowercase letters?

Answer 27

Miniscule Letters

Question 28

What was the alphabet used by the Arams that is read right to left?

Answer 28

Aram/Aramaic Alphabet

Question 29

Where did the Aramaic alphabet deviate from?

Answer 29

Northern Semitic Script

Question 30

What was the evolution of the Aramaic alphabet?

Answer 30

Ancient Aramaic Official/Royal Aramaic (Asyrian) Aramaic Alphabet

Question 31

What is the basis of written languages/alphabets such as pi and baybayin ?

Answer 31

Sanskrit

Question 32

How many consonants does the Hebrew alphabet have?

Answer 32

22 consonants (dashes and dots to indicate vowel sounds)

Question 33

Who created the concept of zero?

Answer 33

Arabia

Question 34

What is the sheet-like writing substrate created by reeds across the Nile River?

Answer 34

Papyrus

Question 35

Who owned the papyrus in the ancient times?

Answer 35

Rich and/or the government

Question 36

What is the South Asian version of the papyrus?

Answer 36

Palm Leaf manuscript

Question 37

What are some problems with the palm leaf manuscript?

Answer 37

Fragile, crumbling, rots

Question 38

What kind of material is used to create parchment?

Answer 38

Skin of young sheep or goat

Question 39

What is parchment cured in to preserve it and remove its hair?

Answer 39

Brine

Question 40

What writing substrate is made from the skin of CALVES?

Answer 40

Vellum

Question 41

What is the best writing substrate?

Answer 41

Vellum

Question 42

Where did paper originate from?

Answer 42

China

Question 43

Who is credited as the inventor of paper?

Answer 43

Cai Lun

Question 44

What is the name of the battle between the Ottoman Empire and Tang Dynasty that caused paper-making accessible out of China?

Answer 44

The Battle of Talas

Question 45

Out of China, where was paper first produced?

Answer 45

Baghdad, Iran

Question 46

Where is the first paper mill in Europe?

Answer 46

Fabriano, Italy

Question 47

What has a reusable writing surface that can be "erased" by flattening the wax with the flat ends of a stylus?

Answer 47

Wax tablets

Question 48

What is the first manuscript form?

Answer 48

Scrolls

Question 49

Text is written on one side and divide up into readable sections

Answer 49

Paginae

Question 50

What describes the content of script in scrolls?

Answer 50

Titulus

Question 51

What is the precursor of the normal book?

Answer 51

Paginae

Question 52

Folded into half, four pages back-to-back, bound at the back; used for Christian documents

Answer 52

Codex

Question 53

Old printing technique used to duplicate documents

Answer 53

Xylography

Question 54

What is one of the oldest texts created that was made for universal distribution that had illustrations?

Answer 54

Dharani sutra

Question 55

What is a famous Japanese xylography?

Answer 55

Great Wave off Kanagawa - Hokusai

Question 56

What was xylography usually used for in Europe?

Answer 56

Religious illustrations

Question 57

What is one of the first mass-produced products in Europe using its respective xylography?

Answer 57

Playing cards for gambling

Question 58

Who had the idea to mass produce playing cards?

Answer 58

Duke of Milan

Question 59

Collection of prints were called...?

Answer 59

blocok book, xylographica

Question 60

What book was created during the Black Plague andthe Dark Ages Book showing that you have to pay tithe so that you would go to Heaven

Answer 60

Ars Moriendi (The Art of Dying)