Module 3+ Flashcards
for a country entering the obesity epidemic - who gets fatter first?
high income, urban, middle-aged women
diets result from:
individual factors being affected by food environment (which is affected by food industry, governmount and society)
hallmark of environment effects of obesity
all age groups increasing simultaneously and equivalently, therefore must be environmental driver
food environments: [4]
- physical
- economic
- policy
- socio-cultural
drivers of obesity
neoliberal political economics, technologies for data mining/targeted marketing, national wealth
mediators of obesity
food availability, food prices, food composition, e-bikes/scooters, food and PA behaviours
moderators of obesity
culture, built environment, food culture/cuisine, local climate, religion
control (pandemic response)
reduce to an acceptable endemic level using feasible means
mitigation (pandemic response)
reduce to avoid overwhelming the health system
suppression (pandemic response)
reduce to minimise negative health impacts
elimination (pandemic response)
reduce to zero in a country or region for prolonged periods
eradication (pandemic response)
reduce to zero at a global level permanently
objectives of NZ’s initial covid response: [4]
- preventing illness and deaths especially in most vulnerable populations (equity)
- protecting the health care system and health care workers
- protecting the economy
- protecting pacific countries
roles of surveillance: [3]
- serves as an early warning system for impending outbreaks
- enables monitoring and evaluation of the impact of an intervention
- monitors and clarifies the epidemiology of health problems, guiding priority-setting and planning and evaluation of public health policy and strategies
R[eff]
the mean number of additional infections caused by an initial infection at a specific point in time
channels
relevant, accessible, trustworthy
message
appropriate, co-designed, tested
messenger
trusted, credible
opportunities in climate change
- mostly we know what we need to do
- the main barriers are political, not technical
- many of the solutions will have additional population health benefits
climate change - inequality vicious cycle
- multidimensional inequality
- greater exposure and vulnerability of disadvantaged groups to climate hazards
- disproportionate loss of assets and income suffered by disadvantaged groups
(made worse by climate hazards)
‘risk multipliers’ in unequal impacts of climate change
- heat extremes
- access to food, water, shelter
nz emissions
- 1/2 agriculture
- transport 18%
- not reducing
important direct effects of transport systems on health: [3]
- physical activity
- air pollution
- vechile crashes
inverse care law
the availability of good medical [or social] care tends to vary inversely with the need for it in the population served
