Module 2 Flashcards
What are the causes of the causes
What causes the risk factor e.g what causes smoking
Causes of Causes example
Income
Employment
Education
Housing
Autonomy
Social Values
Determinants for populations
similar concepts to individuals but apply to the context in which the pop exists
Upstream Determinants
Shape the downstream determinants, e.g policy.
Downstream determinants
Immediate determinants e.g choices. Near to the change in health status
Upstream interventions
operate at the marco level (distal) such as gov policy and focus on the pop
Downstream Interventions
operate on the micro (proximal level) including disease management
What is the social gradient
Those who are less deprived have fewer disease occurrences. This goes up in a gradual status
What are the levels of the D and W model from in to out
Age sex constitution (non modifiable)
individual lifestyle factors
Social and community networks
Living and working conditions
general socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions
Example of Living and working conditions
Education
Housing
Health care services
Employment
Example of induvidual lifestyle factors
The choices an individual makes, shaped by genes and determinants
Habitus
The lifestyle, values, dispositions and expectation of particular social groups ‘learned’ through everyday activities
social norms
The community (L2)
- role of friends and family
- normalised attitudes
- social capital
Social Capital
the value of social networks that facilitates bonds between people of similar groups
The Environment (L3)
- built environment
- ecosystem
- physical environments
- political environment
- cultural environment
The Current Living Standards framework
Individual and collective wellbeing
Our Institutions and Governance - role in health of pop
The Wealth of NZ (4 capitals)
The 4 capitals
Natural
Social
Human
Financial/ Physical
Structure
Social and physical environmental conditions and patterns that influence choices and opportunities available
Agency
The Capacity of an individual to make free choices
What is a key feature of D and W model
- permeability between factors
- each factor influences each other
What is SEP
Socioeconomic Position
- factors that influence a person place in society
- determinants must be objective, meaningful, measurable
Why Measure SEP
used to tell the level of inequality in society or between societies
highlight changes to pop structures
association with health
How to Measure SEP
Education
income
Occupation
Housing
Assets and Wealth
Measures of SEP for pop
Area - school Deciles NZDEP
pop - Income inequality, literacy rates, GDP per capita