Module 3

Question 1

Bacteria change substances
into more useful forms and recycle back
nutrients to the environment
• Bacteria that form nodules on the roots of
legumes, convert N2
into fixed nitrogen that
the plants use for growth
• Using bacteria for insect pest control
• Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt corn) against
caterpillars, bollworms, corn borers
These are the benefits of bacteria in what aspect?

Answer 1

Agriculture

Question 2

What microorganism are widely employed for fuel biogeneration
through enzymatic production from starch,
plant biomass, agri-waste?

Answer 2

Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and E.coli

Question 3

Process where microorganisms are
used to degrade and remove
pollutants from the environment?

Answer 3

Bioremediation

Question 4

Microorganisms help convert liquid
and organic materials in sewage
treatment plants into?

Answer 4

CO2
, nitrates,
phosphates, ammonia, methane

Question 5

Examples of microorganisms used in bioremediation

Answer 5

Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis remove Cr (VI)
• Zygomycetes and Aspergillus sp.
decolorize and detoxify textile
wastewaters
• Oilspills

Question 6

Microbes are used to produce antibiotics such as?

Answer 6

Penicillin- Penicillum chrysogenum,
Streptomycin- Streptomyces griseus

Question 7

What do you call it when Live microorganisms which
when administered confer a health
benefit on the host?

Answer 7

Probiotics

Question 8

Microorganism used in B vitamins for metabolism and Vitamin
K for blood clotting?

Answer 8

E. Coli

Question 9

Foods that benefit from the effects of
microorganisms include?

Answer 9

cheese, yogurt,
buttermilk, sauerkraut, pickles, sausages,
baked goods, and alcoholic beverages

Question 10

What do you the process when raw materials are
converted to fermented foods by the
growth and metabolic activities of
desirable microorganism?

Answer 10

Fermentation

Question 11

Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactococcus lactis used for the production of?

Answer 11

Cheese

Question 12

Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactocbacillus
brevi are used in making?

Answer 12

Pickles

Question 13

brewing yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is used to make?

Answer 13

Wine, alcoholic beverages

Question 14

use of
microorganisms such as _, their metabolic
products, or both to preserve foods

Answer 14

Bacteriocins

Question 15

the use of
microorganisms in industrial biosynthesis,
typically by microorganisms that have
been genetically modified to synthesize
products of high commercial value is called?

Answer 15

Biotechnology

Question 16

Bacteria can be manipulated to
produce enzymes and proteins they
normally would not produce such as?

Answer 16

Insulin
• Human Growth Hormone
• Interferon
• Vaccines

Question 17

Recombinant dna
Gene therapy
• Genetically altered strains of bacteria
to protect fruits from frost
• Modified bacteria to control insects that
damage crops
• Improve appearance, flavor, shelf life of
Australian Academy of Science, fruits and vegetables

Result of?

Answer 17

Genetic engineering

Question 18

Example of yeast that cause food spoilage are?

Answer 18

Zygosaccharomyces, Candida

Question 19

Molds are the major causes of spoilage
of foods with reduced water activity e.g
dry cereals and cereal product. Molds such as?

Answer 19

Zygomycetes, Penicillia, Aspergilli

Question 20

Bacteria spoil foods with relatively high
water activity such as milk and products such as?

Answer 20

LAB, Bronchothrix thermosphacta,
Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp.

Question 21

Example of Wood destroying fungi

Answer 21

Serpula lacrymans,
Chaetomium

Question 22

Polymeric materials are potential
source of carbon and energy for
heterotrophic microorganisms including
bacteria and fungi in several ways their
biodegradation affect these industries. These bacteria and fungi are?

Answer 22

Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Bacillus sp,
Pseudomonas sp., Streptomyces sp

Question 23

What do you call the diseases that are new or changing and are
increasing or have the potential to
increase in incidence in the new future?

Answer 23

Emerging infectious diseases (EID)

Question 24

Examples of emerging infectious diseases includes

Answer 24

Zika virus disease(Zika virus),
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS
coronavirus), influenza (H1N1, avian influenza A H5N1), Ebola, Covid19 (SARS-cov-2)

Question 25

What do you call the large scale
outbreaks of infectious
disease that can greatly
increase morbidity and
mortality over a wide
geographic area and
cause significant
economic, social, and
political disruption?

Answer 25

Pandemic

Question 26

Example of Antibiotic resistance
infections includes?

Answer 26

Staphylococcus aureus- penicillin resistant (1950s),
methicillin resistant (1980s), vancomycin resistant
(late 1990s)
• TB- multidrug resistant form (MDR-TB), bacteria
resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin