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Fish 154 > Module 2 (BACTERIA) > Flashcards

Module 2 (BACTERIA) Flashcards

1
Q

A viscous, gelatinous,polymer that is external to the cell wall which is composed of polysaccharide, polypeptide or borth is called? Also called (sugar coat)

A

Glycoclayx

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2
Q

If a substance is organized and firmly attached to the cell wall it is called?

A

Capsule

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3
Q

If a substance is unodganized and loosely attached to the cell wall, it is called?

A

Slime layer

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4
Q

A glycocalyx made of sugar is called?

A

Extracellular polysaccharide (eps)

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5
Q

External structure of bacteria that can be used as nutrition and protection against dehydration?

A

Glycocalyx

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6
Q

What do you call the long filamentous appendages used to propel the cells? Composed of flegellin protein.

A

Flagella

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7
Q

Arrangements of flagella taht is 1?

A

Monotrichous

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8
Q

What do you call the arrangement of flagella that has a tuft at one end?

A

Lophotrichous

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9
Q

What do you call the arrangement of flagella that has tuft at both ends?

A

Amphitrichous

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10
Q

What do you call the arrangement of flagella that is all around the bacteria ?

A

Peritrichous

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11
Q

The basic parts of the flagella?

A

Filament, hook and basal body

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12
Q

Cell movement of flagella is by?

A

Rotating the basal body

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13
Q

What do you call the movement when bacterium moves in a straight line? ( run or swim)

A

Counterclockwise

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14
Q

What do you call the movement of the bacterium that changes direction randomly (tumble)?

A

Clockwise rotation

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15
Q

Movement of the bacteria toward or way from a particular stimulus is called?

A

Taxis

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16
Q

If the stimuli is chemical it is called?

A

Chemotaxis

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17
Q

If the stimuli is light, it is called?

A

Phototaxis

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18
Q

If the chemotactic signal is positive it is called?

A

Attractant

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19
Q

If the chemotactic signal is negative it is called?

A

Repellent

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20
Q

Spiral cells that move by means of an axial filament(endoflagellum) are called?

A

Spirochetes

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21
Q

Axial filanents are similar to flagella except that they?

A

Wrap around the cell

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22
Q

What do you call the hairlike appendages that are shorter, straighter and thinner than flagella?

A

Fimbriae and pili

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23
Q

Fimbriae and pili are consist of proteins called?

A

Pilin

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24
Q

The shorter strands are called?

A

Fimbriae

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25
Q

Longer strands are called _ becuase they are responsible for dna transfer during conjugation?

A

Pili, (pilus)

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26
Q

What do you call the structure, from layers of the cell membrane outward including the cell wall, periplasmic space , outer membrane and the capsule?

A

Cell envelope

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27
Q

What do you call the complex, semi rigid structure responsible for the shape of the cell?

A

Cell wall

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28
Q

What do you call a structure of the cell wall that is composed of alternating amino sugards like N- acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid?

A

Polysaccharide

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29
Q

The type of bacteria that has many layers of peptidoglycan which is anchored to the cell membrane by teichoic acid?

A

Gram positive

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30
Q

Type of bacteria that has 1-2 thin layers of peptidoglycan?

A

Gram negative

31
Q

Structure between the cell membrane and cell wall containing enzymes and other proteins is called?

A

Periplasmic space

32
Q

The peptidoglycan’s outer surface is covered with?

A

Lipopolysaccharides

33
Q

Lipopolysaccharide is pierced by protein channels called?

A

Porins

34
Q

What do you call the solvent that acts as a decolorizer and dissolves the lipid layer from gram negative?

A

Ethyl alcohol

35
Q

This is used to visualize the decolored gram stain, a red counter stain called?

A

Safranin

36
Q

Cell membrane is often called?

A

Plasma membrane

37
Q

Cell membrane is composed of 2 layers of phospholipids called?

A

Phospholipid bilayer

38
Q

Phospholipid have the polar heads and non polar tails. The _ implies that the heads are hydrophilic, meaning they like to stay in an aqueous environment, facing the outside world and the inside of the cell.

A

Polar

39
Q

The _ means that the tails are hydrophobic, they want to be away from water, in an oily environment. Tails are in the center of membrane.

A

Nonpolar

40
Q

Proteins that are bound to one surface of the membrane are called?

A

Peripheral membrane proteins

41
Q

These proteins are embedded in the membrane by one or more stretches of hydrophobic amino acids

A

Integral membrane proteins

42
Q

Plasma membrane have selective permeability, small molecules such as h20, co2 and simple sugar can pass but larger molecules cannot

A

Transport molecules

43
Q

This occurs at the plasma membranes since bacteria cells have no mitochondrion

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

44
Q

Type of passive process that the movementnof molecules is passive if no energy sources of the cell are expanded is called? Molecule gradient from high to low concentration

A

Simple diffusion

45
Q

This is mediated by transporter proteins or enzymes if large molecules. Its movement occurs in the presence of a concentration gradient

A

Facilitated diffusion

46
Q

This is a type of active process when nutritients are in low concentration. It uses energy (atp) and transporter proteins. It is called?

A

Active transport

47
Q

This type of active process is exclusive in prokaryotes. The substance is chemically aktered so the plasma membrane bevomes impermeable. The substance stays inside the cell. This id called?

A

Group translocation
Ex. Glucose

48
Q

This structure refers to the substance inside the plasma membrane which is made up of ,80% water, nucleoid, ribosomes, plasmid, inclusion, proteind and metabolites. This is called?

A

Cytoplasm

49
Q

This structure occupieds 20 percent of the cell’s volume in growing bacteria where it contains the bacterial chromosome. This is called?

A

Nucleoid

50
Q

This internal structure is smaller,circular extra chromosomal DNA and is most commonly found in gram negative bacteria, contains 50-100 genes . This js called?

A

Plasmid

51
Q

What do you call the diffusion of water molecules across the plasma membrane?

A

Osmosis

52
Q

Structure which is composed of 2 subunits ( protein) and rRna. The cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells contains 10 thousand of thus structure giving the cell a granular look

A

Ribosomes

53
Q

Structure that is reserved deposits in prokaryotic cells is called? Macromolecules in this structure avoid increase in osmotic pressure

A

Inclusions

54
Q

Bacteria can be reproduce asexually by?

A

Binary fission

55
Q

Bacteria can be reproduce sexually by?

A

Conjugation

56
Q

Tranfer of genetic material involving cell to cell contact in bacteria

A

Conjugation

57
Q

In gram positive cell produce , causing direct contact of cells

A

Gram positive cells

58
Q

In gram negative _ help bring two cells together

A

Sex pili

59
Q

What do you call the specialized resting cells formed by gram positive bacteria such as clostridium abd bacillus when essential nutrients are depleted?

A

Endospores

60
Q

Endospores returns to its vegetative state by a process called _ which is triggered by phyiscal or chemical damage or coat

A

Germination

61
Q

Bacteria shapes are

A

Coocus, bacillus, sprillum
Sphere rod spiral

62
Q

Helical and flexible body shape of bacteria

A

Spirochetes

63
Q

Curve rod shaped or comma shaped

A

Vibrio

64
Q

Live on dead organic matter (chemo heterotrophs)

A

Saprophytes

65
Q

These organisms require oxygen to live are called?

A

Obligate aerobes

66
Q

These organisms can use oxygen when it is present but can still survive through measn of fermentation or anearobic respiration is called?

A

Facultative anaerobes

67
Q

These organisms are unable to use molecular oxygen for energy reactions and most are harmed by it are called?

A

Obligate anaerobes

68
Q

These organisms cannot use oxygen for growth but they tolerate it fairly well is called

A

Aerotolerant anaerobes

69
Q

These organisms require oxygen but grow in concentrations lower than those in air is called?

A

Microaerophiles

70
Q

Most bacteria grow best in narrow ph range near neutrality with a ph of?

A

6.5-7.5

71
Q

Below ph of 5 (many fungi) are called?

A

Acidophiles

72
Q

Above ph of 9 (includes vibrio)

A

Alkaliphiles

73
Q

Most pathogens have ph of?

A

Neutral ph

Fish 154 (6 decks)

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