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Anatomy and Physiology > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of the skin and accessory structures, such as hair, glands, and nails

A

Integumentary System

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2
Q

What does integument mean?

A

Covering

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3
Q

Respond to stimuli arising outside the body

A

Exteroceptors

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4
Q

What is it called when the body eliminates limited amounts of nitrogen-containing wastes in sweat

A

Excretion

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5
Q

Most superficial layer in the integumentary system

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

Layer of epithelial tissue that rests on the dermis

A

Epidermis

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7
Q

Layer of dense connective tissue

A

Dermis

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8
Q

Epidermal cell that produce Keratin

A

Keratinocytes

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9
Q

Epidermal cell that synthesize melanin

A

Melanocytes

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10
Q

Epidermal cell known as Langerhans cells and is the key activator in the immune system

A

Dendritic Cells

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11
Q

Epidermal cell that has Merkel cells and is an epidermal-dermal junction

A

Tactile Epithelial Cells

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12
Q

Deepest layer of the epidermis

A

Stratum Basale (Basal Layer)

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13
Q

Layer of the epidermis containing thick bundles of intermediate filaments, which consists of a tension-resisting protein, pre-keratin

A

Stratum Spinosum (Prickly Layer)

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14
Q

Layer of the epidermis where the process of keratinization begins

A

Stratum Granulosum (Granular layer)

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15
Q

Layer of the Epidermis that is found only in thick skin and is the thin transluscent band

A

Stratum Lucidum (Clear Layer)

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16
Q

Outermost layer of the Epidermis that sheds regularly

A

Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer)

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17
Q

Composed of dense collagenous connective tissues

A

Dermis

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18
Q

Layer of the dermis that has areolar connective tissues that are thin and superficial. Contains Dermal Papillae and Friction ridges.

A

Papillary Dermis

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19
Q

Are projections towards the epidermis found in the upper part of the dermis

A

Dermal papillae

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20
Q

Enhance ability to grip certain surfaces and contribute to sense of touch by enhancing vibrations

A

Friction Ridges

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21
Q

Layer of the Dermis that is coarse and has dense irregular connective tissue, is named after network of collagen fibers

A

Reticular Dermis

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22
Q

Separations between bundle forms

A

Cleavage texture lines

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23
Q

Important to surgeons because when an
incision is made parallel to these lines,
the skin gapes less and heals more
readily

A

Cleavage texture lines

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24
Q

Dermal folds that occur at or near joints, where the dermis is tightly secured to deeper structures

A

Flexure lines

25
Q

Is the group of pigments primarily responsible for skin, hair, and eye color

A

Melanin

26
Q

Is a yellow pigment found in plants such as squash and carrots

A

Carotene

27
Q

Lipid- soluble; when consumed, it accumulates in the lipids of the stratum corneum and in the adipocytes of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue

A

Carotene

28
Q

What is another name for subcutaneous tissue

A

Hypodermis

29
Q

Attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle and supplies it with blood vessels and nerves

A

Subcutaneous tissue

30
Q

Hair arises from here, an invagination of the epidermis that extends deep into the dermis

A

Hair Follicle

31
Q

Protrudes above the surface of the skin for the hair

A

Hair shaft

32
Q

Below the surface of the skin for the hair

A

Root

33
Q

Expanded base of the root for the hair

A

Hair bulb

34
Q

A hair has a hard _______, which surrounds a softer center, the _____

A

Cortex, medulla

35
Q

The cortex is covered by the _____, a single layer of overlapping cells that holds the hair in the hair follicle

A

Cuticle

36
Q

An extension of the dermis that protrudes into the hair bulb and contains blood vessels

A

Hair Papilla

37
Q

Cycle of hair where hair is formed by mitosis of epithelial cells within the hair bulb

A

Growth Stage

38
Q

Cycle of hair where growth stops and the hair is held in the hair follicle

A

Resting stage

39
Q

Each hair follicle is attached to this smooth muscle cell which contract and cause the hair to become perpendicular to the skin’s surface

A

Arrector pili muscle

40
Q

Major gland that are simple, branched acinar glands, with most being connected by a duct to the superficial part of a hair follicle

A

Sebaceous gland

41
Q

Sebaceous glands produce what oily white substances rich in lipids

A

Sebum

42
Q

A type of sweat gland that are simple, coiled, tubular glands and release sweat by merocrine secretion

A

Eccrine Sweat Glands

43
Q

A type of sweat gland that are simple, coiled, tubular glands that produce a thick secretion rich in organic substances

A

Apocrine sweat glands

44
Q

A think plate, consisting of layers of dead stratum corneum cells that contain a very hard type of keratin

A

Nail

45
Q

Excessive sloughing of stratum corneum cells from the surface of the scalp is called

A

Dandruff

46
Q

In skin subjected to friction, the number of layers in the stratum corneum greatly increases, producing a thickened area called a?

A

Callus

47
Q

Over a bony prominence, the stratum corneum can thicken to
form a cone-shaped structure called a?

A

Corn

48
Q

A single mutation
can prevent the production of melanin and cause what

A

Albinism

49
Q

A bluish color to the skin caused by decreased blood O2
content, is an indication of impaired circulatory or respiratory function.

A

Cyanosis

50
Q

A yellowish skin color which can occur when the liver is damaged by a disease, such as viral hepatitis.

A

Jaundice

51
Q

Is injury to a tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals,
electricity, or radiation.

A

Burn

52
Q

This burn involves only the epidermis and is red
and painful.

A

First-degree burn

53
Q

This burns damage both the epidermis and
the dermis.

A

Second-degree burn

54
Q

This burns damage the complete epidermis and
dermis

A

Third-degree burn

55
Q

This procedure is done when the epidermis and part of the
dermis are removed from another part of the body and placed over the
burn

A

Split skin graft

56
Q

Most common type of cancer

A

Skin Cancer

57
Q

Type of skin cancer where cells in stratum basale are affected. Cancer removed by surgery

A

Basal cell carcinoma

58
Q

Type of skin cancer where cells above stratum basale affected and can cause death

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

59
Q

Type of skin cancer that arises from melanocytes in a mole, is a rare type, and can cause death

A

Malignant melanoma

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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