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Earth Science (Quarter 1) > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

refers to the overall shape or growth pattern of the mineral. It can
be described as equant, elongate and platy.

A

Crystal Habit

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2
Q

three dimensions of the mineral have about the same length, like that of
a cube or sphere.

A

Equant

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3
Q

forms prismatic or prism-like crystals that are thicker than the needle
as in a pencil.

A

Elongate

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4
Q

– looks like a flattened and thin crystal (like plate). (ei. Wulfenite)

A

Platy

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5
Q

describes the appearance of a mineral when light is reflected from its
surface. It can be described as opaque, transparent, dull, or shiny.

A

Luster

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6
Q

is opaque and very reflective like gold and silver.

A

Metallic luster

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7
Q

refers to the tendency of minerals to break
along very smooth, flat and shiny surfaces. It can be described as one, two, three,
four or all direction.

A

– Cleavage

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8
Q

may break along random, irregular
surfaces. It can be classified as conchoidal, uneven, hackly, splintery, and earthy.

A

mineral fracture

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9
Q

is a measure of the mineral’s resistance to scratching.

A

Hardness

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10
Q

in 1812 ranked minerals
according to hardness

A

Friedrich Mohs

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11
Q

_________ minerals will scratch ________ minerals.

A

harder, softer

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12
Q

He selected ten minerals of distinctly
different hardness that ranged from a very soft mineral (_______) to a very hard
mineral (____________).

A

talc, diamond

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13
Q

is one of the most obvious properties of a mineral but not reliable alone.

A

Color

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14
Q

refers to the color of the mineral in its powdered form, which may or may
not be the same color as the mineral.

A

Streak

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15
Q
  • Some minerals are attracted to a hand magnet.
A

Magnetism

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16
Q

____ is the only common mineral that is always strongly magnetic.

A

Magnetite

17
Q

-presence of very thin, parallel grooves. The grooves are present in only
one of the two sets of cleavages and are best seen with a hand lens. They may not
be visible on all parts of a cleavage surface.

A

Striations

18
Q

is the weight of that mineral divided by the weight of an
equal volume of water.

A

Specific Gravity

19
Q

Some minerals have distinctive __________ (halite is salt, and
tastes like it). Some give off a distinctive ________(the powder of some sulfide minerals,
such as sphalerite, a zinc sulfide, smells like rotten eggs), and some have a distinctive
_________ (talc feels slippery).

A

Taste, Odor, Feel

20
Q

show the presence and arrangement of atoms
in minerals.

A

Chemical properties of minerals

21
Q

Some minerals, especially carbonate minerals, react
visibly with acid. When a drop of
____________________________ is placed on calcite, it readily bubbles or effervesces,
releasing carbon dioxide.

A

dilute hydrochloric acid [HCl]

22
Q

____________________ minerals form into sulfuric acid when exposed to air and
water.

A

Metallic sulfide

23
Q

Cuarto (2016) classified minerals according to their chemical
composition using ______________ which divides minerals into eight basic classes. The classes are native elements, silicates, oxides, sulfides, sulfates, halides, carbonates, phosphates, and mineraloids.

A

Dana System

24
Q

These minerals are
naturally occurring in
nature in an uncombined
form with a distinct
mineral structure. It can
be classified as metal,
semimetals and non-
metals.

A

Native Elements

25
Q

This is the largest group of
minerals. It contains
silicon and oxygen, with
some aluminum,
magnesium, iron and
calcium.

A

Silicates

26
Q

It is formed from the
combination of a metal
with oxygen. This group
ranges from dull ores like
bauxite to gems like
rubies and sapphires.

A

Oxides

27
Q

These are made of
compounds of sulfur
usually with a metal. They
tend to be heavy and
brittle.

A

Sulfides

28
Q

These are made of
compounds of sulfur
combined with metals and
oxygen. It is a large group
of minerals that tend to be
soft, and translucent.

A

Sulfates

29
Q

They form from halogen
elements like chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, and
iodine combined with
metallic elements. They
are very soft and easily
dissolved in water.

A

Halides

30
Q

These are group of
minerals made of carbon,
oxygen, and a metallic
element.

A

Carbonates

31
Q

They are often formed
when other minerals are
broken down by
weathering. They are often
brightly colored.

A

Phosphates

32
Q

It is the term used for
those substances that do
not fit neatly into one of
the eight classes.

A

Mineraloid

Earth Science (Quarter 1) (13 decks)

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